教育强国建设视域下现代职业教育发展指数和指向

Development Index and Directions of Modern Vocational Education in the Perspective of Building A Powerful Nation of Education

教育强国建设视域下现代职业教育的内涵本质在于通过强大的国家教育能力,全面促进经济社会发展和培养更多高素质技术技能人才。基于对教育强国与现代职业教育关系的把握、现代职业教育七维内涵和五大特征的理解,构建教育强国建设视域下现代职业教育发展指标体系。从测算结果来看,我国现代职业教育发展指数是0.81,蕴含巨大潜力和强大动能,但在平衡充分优质发展、纵向学段衔接和横向职普融通、数字化转型升阶、经费结构优化、社会培训功能发挥等方面还存在短板。结合教育强国建设指向和当前职业教育发展基础,我国现代职业教育发展应以“扩大省级统筹权,补长短板弱项,促进平衡充分优质发展”“增强学段衔接,深化职普融通,释放适应性发展更大活力”“注重专业引领,提升价值效益,推动数字化转型走深走实”“调整优化结构,创新管理机制,提高经费盘活力影响力效用力”“落实育训并举,发挥职校优势,建设职业技能社会化培训服务体系”和“坚持应用为王,突显公共服务,建立中国职业教育基础数据资源库”为基本方向。

The essence of modern vocational education in the perspective of building a powerful nation of education is to promote comprehensive economic and social development and cultivate a larger number of high-quality technical and skilled professionals through strong national educational capacity.This study attempts to understand the relationship between a powerful nation of education and modern vocational education,as well as the six dimensions and five major characteristics of modern vocational education.It constructs a development index system for modern vocational education in the perspective of building a powerful nation of education.The results show that the development index of modern vocational education in China is O.81,indicating a high level of development with tremendous potential and strong momentum.However,there are stll shortcomings in terms of achieving balanced,sufficient,and high-quality development;vertical articulation across educational stages;horizontal integration between vocational and general education.Also,there are problems in digital transformation and upgrading,optimization of funding structure,and full utilization of social training functions.Considering the directions of building a powerful nation of education and the current development foundation of vocational education,the development of modern vocational education in China should focus on the following directions.First,expanding the provincial planning authority,addressing weaknesses and shortfalls,promoting balanced and sufficient high-quality development.Second,enhancing articulation between educational stages,deepening integration between vocational and general education,and unleashing greater vitality for adaptive development.Third,emphasizing professional guidance,improving value efficiency,and advancing deeper and more practical digital transformation.Fourth,adjusting and optimizing structures,innovating management mechanisms,and enhancing the effectiveness and influence of funding mobilization.Fifth,implementing a dual-track strategy for education and training,leveraging the advantages of vocational schools,and establishing a socialized training service system for vocational sklls.Sixth,prioritizing application-oriented education highlighting public services,and establishing a database of basic data resources for Chinese vocational education.