建设合作开放的创客教育生态:以美国加州社区学院系统为例

Building a Collaborative and Open Maker Education Ecosystem:A Case Study of California Community College System

作为美国高等教育体系的基石,社区学院近年来逐步引入了创客教育的理念并将其融入到自身的办学特色之中。加州社区学院围绕实践社群、创客课程、创客空间、实习项目四大领域展开,旨在通过建设社区学院的创客教育节点网络、支持将创客教育融入常规课程、创客教育与STEM教育融合等方式培养兼具创新创业和创造能力的大学生。加州社区学院建设面向全校学生、探索跨学科融合的创客教育体系,主要体现了三大特征:第一,统筹规划覆盖全州的社区学院创客教育体系;第二,基于跨学科整合的创客教育课程体系;第三,开放共享的创客教育合作创新机制。加州社区学院在推进创客教育过程中所采取的措施选择了一条和其他四年制高等院校不完全一致的路径:建立创客实践社区、开发创客课程、提供工作本位的学习体验以及创建实体性创客空间,体现了创客教育发展路径的延展性与多样性,从而探索出了美国高等教育体系不同类型、不同层次高校发展创客教育的多样化路径。

As a cornerstone of the U.S.higher education system,community colleges have gradually introduced the concept of maker education and integrated it into their educational characteristics.California's community college system is a representative example,aiming to cultivate university students with both innovative and entrepreneurial capabilities by focusing on four areas.They are communities of practice,maker courses,maker spaces,and internship programs.The construction of maker education in California community colleges involves establishing a network of maker education nodes across the entire system,integrating maker education into regular courses,and merging maker education with STEM education.The development of maker education in California community colleges showcases three main characteristics.They are statewide planning for the maker education system,interdisciplinary integration in the maker education curriculum,and an open and collaborative mechanism for innovation in maker education.California community colleges have taken a different path from other four-year higher education institutions in promoting maker education,including establishing maker communities,developing maker courses,providing work-based learning experiences,and creating physical maker spaces.This demonstrates the extension and diversification of the development path of maker education within the U.S.higher education system,exploring diverse paths for different types and levels of institutions in fostering maker education.