支气管哮喘气道炎症表型临床特征及靶向治疗研究进展

Research progress on clinical characteristics and targeted therapy of airway inflammation phenotype in bronchial asthma

哮喘是一种气道慢性炎症疾病,其特征是反复出现的胸闷、咳嗽、喘息和气促等症状,以及气流阻塞和气道高反应性。哮喘患者在症状、炎症模式和治疗反应方面存在很大的异质性,通过异质性可以对不同的哮喘表型进行分类。对哮喘表型的深入研究,有助于对哮喘进行精确诊断和精准治疗,从而提高哮喘的治疗效果,减少急性发作,改善预后。使用诱导痰液分析技术检测气道炎症,可以识别4种不同的炎症表型。笔者主要从哮喘患者不同气道炎症表型的临床特征、肺功能特点及治疗进展等方面进行综述。

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airway,characterized by recurrent chest tightness,cough,wheezing and shortness of breath,airflow obstruction and airway hyperresponsiveness.There is great heterogeneity in the symptoms,inflammatory patterns,and response to treatment in asthma patients,the different asthma phenotypes were identified according to the heterogeneity.Further study on the phenotype is helpful to the accurate diagnosis and treatment of asthma,so as to improve the herapeutic effect,reduce the acute attack and improve the prognosis.Using induced sputum analysis techniques to detect airway inflammation,four different inflammatory phenotypes could be identified.This article reviews the clinical characteristics,lung function characteristics and treatment progress in asthma patients with different airway inflammation phenotypes.