对流层大气环境对电磁波吸收衰减的影响分析

Analysis of the Influence of Troposphere Atmosphere Environment on Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Attenuation

为了准确估计对流层大气环境对电磁波能量吸收衰减的影响,为电磁波发射测量装备进行作用距离估算、测控布设及辐射安全区设定提供理论基础,重点研究了对流层大气吸收气体对电磁波能量传播的衰减影响。依据国际电信联盟Rec.ITU-R P.676-9的建议及GJB/Z 87-97《雷达电波折射与衰减手册》给出的1~54 GHz电磁波大气衰减率近似估算模型、等效高度计算模型和等效路径折射模型,修订并完善了在对流层范围内跨等效高度的电磁波倾斜路径衰减量计算模型。仿真分析研究了不同大气压力、温度和水蒸气密度对衰减率的影响,以及不同传播仰角、温度和相对湿度对电磁波相同传播距离能量衰减的影响。

In order to accurately estimate the influence of troposphere atmospheric environment on the absorption and attenuation of electromagnetic wave energy,and provide theoretical basis for the measurement equipment of electromagnetic wave emission to estimate the operating distance,measurement and control arrangement and radiation safety zone setting,the attenuation effect of troposphere atmospheric absorpting gas on electromagnetic wave energy propagation is studied.According to the suggestions of Rec.ITU-R P.676-9 of the International Telecommunication Union and the approximate estimation model of atmospheric attenuation rate,the equivalent altitude calculation model and the equivalent path refraction model for 1~54 GHz electromagnetic wave given by GJB/Z 87-97“Radar Wave Refraction and Attenuation Manual”,the calculation model of electromagnetic wave inclined path attenuation across the equivalent height in the troposphere is revised and improved.The influence of different atmospheric pressure,temperature and water vapor density on the attenuation rate,and the influence of different propagation elevation,temperature and relative humidity on the energy attenuation of electromagnetic wave at the same propagation distance are studied by simulation.