水苏糖对仿刺参幼参生长、消化生理与糖代谢的影响

Effects of dietary stachyose on growth,digestive physiology and glycometabolism of juvenile sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus)

为研究饲料中添加水苏糖对刺参生长、消化生理与糖代谢的影响,以初始体重为(11.46±0.03)g的刺参幼参为实验对象,在基础饲料中添加包膜水苏糖,配成水苏糖含量分别为0(D1,对照组)、0.04%(D2)、0.11%(D3)、0.15%(D4)、0.21%(D5)和0.27%(D6)的6组实验饲料,在循环水养殖桶中进行为期67 d的生长实验。结果显示,①随着饲料中水苏糖含量的增加,刺参的增重率及特定生长率均先上升后下降,D2~D5组显著高于对照组,体壁基本营养成分不受水苏糖添加量的影响;②肠道蛋白酶、脂肪酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性先上升后下降,D3、D4组显著高于对照组,丙二醛含量先下降后上升,在D3组达最低值,淀粉酶、碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶活性无显著性差异;D3、D4组肠道皱襞高度显著大于对照组,D6组出现炎症细胞浸润;③葡萄糖激酶活性先上升后平稳,D5、D6组显著高于其他组,果糖磷酸激酶和丙酮酸激酶活性先上升后下降,分别在D4、D3组达最大值;磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶活性呈上升趋势,D6组显著高于其他各组。研究表明,水苏糖提高了刺参糖代谢效率,改善了机体消化生理和抗氧化能力,从而促进了刺参的生长;以增重率为评价标准,刺参幼参饲料中水苏糖的最适添加量为0.129%。水苏糖作为功能性低聚糖,在刺参消化、代谢与抗氧化方面起重要作用。面起重要作用。

Stachyose is a functional oligosaccharide,which is utilized by bifidobacterium and lactobacillus in the intestines,and plays an important role in the digestive physiology and antioxidant properties of the body.Juvenile sea cucumbers Apostichopus japonicus has high nutritional value and is an important breeding species in the Yel-low Sea and Bohai Sea areas of China.This study investigated the effects of dietary stachyose on growth,digest-ive physiology and glycometabolism of juvenile sea cucumber A.japonicus.Six experimental diets were formu-lated to contain the graded levels of stachyose[0(D1,control group),0.04%(D2),0.11%(D3),0.15%(D4),0.21%(D5)and 0.27%(D6)dry diets].Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate tanks of sea cucumber juven-iles with initial body weight(11.46±0.03)g for 67 days.The results showed that there were no differences in sur-vival rate(SR)and ratio of intestine weight to body wall weight(IBR)among all groups.Both weight gain rate(WGR)and the specific growth rate(SGR)increased with increasing stachyose content until reaching peak levels at 0.15%dietary stachyose,but decreased thereafter.The WGR and SGR of D2,D3,D4and D5 groups were signi-ficantly higher than D1 group.The WGR reached maximum value of 90.88%in the D3 group.There were no sig-nificant effects on moisture,crude protein,crude fat and ash of body wall of Apostichopus japonicus.The activit-ies of intestinal protease,lipase and superoxide dismutase were increased when dietary stachyose content increased from 0 to 0.15%and then decreased.The protease of D3 and D4 groups were significantly higher than other groups,meanwhile,the lipase of D3 group was significantly higher than other groups.The superoxide dismutase activity of D3,D4 and D5 groups were significantly higher than the control group.The content of malondialde-hyde was first decreased and then increased,and reached the lowest value in D3 group.There was no significant difference among the activities of amylase,alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase.The height of intestinal folds in D3 and D4 groups was significantly greater than that in the control group,and inflammatory cell infiltra-tion appeared in D6 group.There were no significant differences in the ratio of intestine weight to body wall weight and the thickness of muscularis among all group.With the increase of stachyose content,the activities of glucokinase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase increased,while the activities of fructosophosphate phos-phokinase and pyruvate kinase increased first and then decreased.The glucokinase activitie of D3,D4,D5 and D6 groups were significantly higher than the control group.The fructosophosphate phosphokinase activitie of D3,D4 and D5 groups were significantly higher than the other groups,and reached maximum value in the D4 group..The pyruvate kinase activitie of D3 groups were significantly higher than the other groups.The phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activitie of D2,D3,D4 and D5 groups were significantly higher than the control group and signific-antly lower than D6 group.The results showed that dietary stachyose increased the glucose metabolism efficiency,improved the digestive physiology and antioxidant capacity of the body,and promoted the growth of the sea cucumber juvenile.With the weight gain rate as an evaluation indicator,quadratic regression analysis showed that the optimum dietary stachyose of sea cucumber juvenile was 0.129%diet.As a functional oligosaccharide,stachy-ose plays an important role in the digestion,metabolism and antioxidation of A.japonicus,and has deep research significance in the application of compound feed of A.japonicus.