外泌体在病毒诱导哮喘中的作用及中医药干预机制研究进展

Role of Exosomes in Virus-Induced Asthma and Research Progress of TCM Intervention Mechanism

病毒诱发哮喘发病机制尚未完全阐明,其发病机制复杂,涉及多种细胞及免疫环节。外泌体分布广泛,具有细胞通讯作用,与哮喘气道炎症、气道重塑、气道高反应性关系密切。哮喘炎症细胞和肺结构细胞及干细胞等不同细胞通过外泌体及其微小RNA(miRNA)介导细胞通讯在病毒诱导哮喘关键环节如气道炎症、气道黏液高分泌、气道重塑及气道高反应性等方面具有较大影响作用。中医药防治病毒相关性哮喘具有多靶点、多环节等作用,中医经典方剂及其衍生经验方等中药复方、制剂及单体物质则从细胞分子、动物实验不同层次对呼吸道合胞病毒(Respiratory syncytial virus,RSV)诱发哮喘进行干预,且其对于RSV诱发哮喘临床疗效确切。因此综述了不同细胞来源外泌体及miRNA在病毒诱导哮喘细胞免疫紊乱及气道炎症、气道重塑、气道高反应性等关键病理环节的作用机制以及目前中医药防治病毒相关性哮喘的相关研究进行系统总结、梳理,进一步明确病毒诱发哮喘的相关发病机制,为早期防治病毒诱发哮喘及中医药调控机制研究提供新的视角。

The pathogenesis of virus-induced asthma has not been fully elucidated,and its pathogenesis is complex,involving a variety of cellular and immune links.Exosomes are widely distributed and have cellular communication effects,which are closely related to asthma airway inflammation,airway remodeling and airway hyperresponsiveness.Different cells such as asthma inflammatory cells,lung structural cells and stem cells mediate cellular communication through exosomes and their microRNAs(miRNAs),have a great influence on key links of virus-induced asthma,such as airway inflammation,airway mucus hypersecretion,airway remodeling and airway hyperresponsiveness.Traditional Chinese medicine has multi-target and multi-link effects in the prevention and treatment of virus-related asthma,while traditional Chinese medicine classic formulae and their derived experience formulae and other traditional Chinese medicine compounds,preparations and monomeric substances intervene in respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)-induced asthma from different levels of cellular molecules and animal experiments,and its clinical efficacy on RSV-induced asthma is certain.Therefore,this article reviewed the mechanism of action of exosomes and miRNAs of different cell sources in key pathological links such as virus-induced asthma cell immune disorder,airway inflammation,airway remodeling,airway hyperresponsiveness and the current research on the prevention and treatment of virus-related asthma in traditional Chinese medicine was systematically summarized and sorted out to further clarify the pathogenesis of virus-induced asthma and provide new perspectives for the early prevention and treatment of virus-induced asthma and the regulatory mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine.