集聚网络视角下企业数字化的生产率提升效应研究

Research on the Productivity Enhancement Effect of Enterprise Digitization from the Perspective of Agglomeration Network

数字化转型改变的不仅仅是企业的生产方式和资源配置模式,还会赋予企业的空间集聚形态以更为明显的网络特性。本文在社会网络理论和空间经济理论基础上构建企业数字化和集聚网络影响全要素生产率的理论分析框架,进而基于2001~2020年沪深上市制造业企业和城市面板数据的匹配数据检验了企业数字化和集聚网络对全要素生产率的影响效应。结果显示,企业集聚网络对全要素生产率的有效空间作用边界为50公里,该范围内企业数字化和集聚网络均有助于全要素生产率提升,且二者在推进生产率提升中还具有明显的协同效应和相互强化作用。进一步研究发现,知识外溢效应是企业数字化和集聚网络推动全要素生产率提升的重要机制,且多样化知识外溢的作用明显强于专业化知识外溢;集群内知识学习网络的发展、国家电子商务示范城市试点和金融危机冲击均有效强化了企业数字化和集聚网络对全要素生产率的提升效应及其协同效应;企业数字化和集聚网络对全要素生产率的影响还具有明显的异质性特征,依赖于企业所在行业类型及所有制性质等方面。本文不仅为研究数字化转型的微观经济效应提供了新的视角,也为数字经济下的企业集聚形态转变提供了证据。

Digital transformation not only changes the production and resource allocation mode of enterprises,but also endows the spatial agglomeration of enterprises with more obvious network characteristics.Based on social network theory and spatial economy theory,this paper constructs a theoretical analysis framework for the impact of enterprise digitization and agglomeration networks on total factor productivity(TFP),and then examines the impact of enterprise digital transformation and agglomeration network on TFP based on the matching data of Shanghai and Shenzhen listed manufacturing enterprises and urban panel data from 2001 to 2020.The results show that the effective spatial boundary of the enterprise agglomeration network on TFP is 50 kilometers.Within this range,both enterprise digitalization and agglomeration network contribute to the improvement of TFP,and the two also have obvious synergy and mutual strengthening effects in promoting productivity.Further research shows that knowledge spillover effects are important mechanisms for enterprise digitalization and agglomeration networks to promote enterprise TFP,and the role of diversified knowledge spillovers is significantly stronger than that of specialized knowledge spillovers.The development of knowledge learning networks in clusters,national e-commerce demonstration city pilot and financial crisis impact have effectively strengthened the promotion effect and synergy effect of enterprise digitalization and agglomeration networks on TFP.The impact of enterprise digitalization and agglomeration network on TFP is also characterized by obvious heterogeneity,depending on the industry type and ownership nature of the enterprise.This paper not only provides a new perspective for the study of the microeconomic effects of digital transformation,but also provides evidence for the transformation of enterprise agglomeration patterns under the digital economy.