“弱有所扶”高质量发展:架构分析、体系评价与改进路径

A High-quality Social Welfare Assistance:Structure Analysis,System Evaluation and Improvement Path

“弱有所扶”是民生与社会保障的重点议题。当前,各界对如何实现“弱有所扶”高质量发展还未形成统一的认知,在架构认知、体系评价与路径识别上存在分歧。文章构建基于风险、功能整合视角的“弱有所扶”分析框架,厘清“弱有所扶”目标群体及政策轮廓,科学评价“弱有所扶”政策体系发展历程和运行现状。研究发现,我国“弱有所扶”政策体系以自然、经济和社会弱势群体为政策对象,由保护政策和预防政策构成,从架构设计、管理治理、政策执行维度上看,“弱有所扶”政策体系承担了重要的兜底保障功能,但仍面临政策交叉缺漏、主体定位不清、保障不足不公等难点。文章认为“弱有所扶”政策体系应锚定建设目标,完善一体化政策体系,建立多元共治的长效工作机制,提升弱势群体保障水平和福利公平。

Social welfare assistance has become a key issue in people's livelihood and social security at the initial stage of alleviating relative poverty in China.At present,China has not yet formed a unified understanding of how to achieve the high-quality development of social welfare assistance and the framework,evaluation and evolving path of social welfare assistance have not been specified.This paper constructed a framework of high-quality social welfare assistance based on the perspective of risk and function,clarified the target groups and structure of social welfare assistance,evaluated the history and status quo of social welfare assistance scientifically,and put forward targeted policy recommendations.The results suggest that China's social welfare assistance has the dual policies of protection and prevention,and takes natural,economic and social vulnerable groups as policy objects.From the perspective of design,management and executing of policy,China's social welfare assistance has built up a basic safety net.However,it still faces challenges such as policy overlapping and deficiency,unclear orientation of the government and insufficient and unfair security.High-quality social welfare assistance should identify development goals,improve the integration of policies,establish a long-term working mechanism for co-governance,improve the standard of social security and fairness of welfare.