数字赋能公共安全治理模式转型的制度创新研究——基于动物疫情防治模式转变实践的分析

Institutional Innovation Research on the Transformation of Public Safety Governance Model with Digital Empowerment

党的二十大提出要“推动公共安全治理模式向事前预防转型”。数字技术能否推动公共安全治理的制度创新,推动公共安全治理模式向事前预防转型?参考奥斯特罗姆等学者提出的制度分析与发展(IAD)框架,构建数字赋能公共安全治理制度创新的分析框架:数字技术可以强化公共安全各主体的风险感知、风险沟通和集体选择,丰富公共安全治理制度;可以促进各主体的相互约束、监督和信息传递,以落实新制度;可以深化公共安全的“自治”“法治”“德治”,以巩固新制度。对比分析中国动物疫情防控的传统技术时代、信息化时代、数字化时代三个阶段发现,深入应用数字技术能够有效推动公共安全治理模式实现制度创新与转型。未来要建立健全公共安全治理制度体系、加快实现数字化公共安全治理、发挥多元化制度保障机制作用。

The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to“promote the transformation of public safety governance model to prevention in advance.”Can digital technology empower the institutional innovation of public safety governance and promote the transformation of public safety governance model to prevention in advance?With reference to the Institutional Analysis and Development(IAD)framework proposed by Ostrom and other scholars,an analytical framework for the institutional innovation of digitally empowered public safety governance is constructed:digital technology can strengthen the risk perception,risk communication and collective choice of various subjects of public safety and enrich the public safety governance system;it can promote mutual restraint,supervision and information transfer among various entities to implement the new system;The“autonomy”,“rule of law”and“rule of virtue”of public safety can be deepened to consolidate the new system.Comparing the three stages of animal epidemic prevention and control in China,namely,the traditional technology era,the information era and the digital era,we can find that digital technology can promote innovation and model transformation of public safety governance system.In the future,it is necessary to establish and improve the public safety governance system,accelerate digital public safety governance,and give play to the role of diversified institutional protection mechanisms.