考虑农户规模和财政预算的农产品供应链补贴策略研究

A Study on Subsidy Strategy in Agricultural Supply Chain Considering Farm Size and Fiscal Budget

文章构建了由零售商、政府和风险厌恶的农户组成的三级供应链,在农民规模和补贴财政预算的约束下,研究了政府按照种植面积补贴农民(SF)和按照收购量补贴零售商(SR)两种补贴策略对供应链成员最优决策及其目标函数的影响,并分析了农民的规模约束和风险厌恶、补贴财政预算、产出不确定性对策略选择以及补贴效果的影响。研究发现:当农民的规模高于一定阈值,财政预算有限时,SF策略优于SR策略,财政预算比较充裕时,SR策略优于SF策略;当农民的土地规模适中,预算没有限制时,SF策略和SR策略的补贴效果相同;当农民的规模小于一定阈值,政府没有必要提供任何补贴;在应对产出不确定性方面,SF策略优于SR策略;考虑农民的风险厌恶,如果预算有限,SF策略更有利,预算充裕则SR策略更有优势,但是风险厌恶程度越高,两种策略下的社会福利都会降低,说明这两种补贴策略都不能很好地调节农民风险厌恶带来的负面影响。

The study constructs a three-level supply chain consisting of a retailer,the government and a risk-averse farmer.Under the constraints of farmers'land capacity and fiscal budget,we study the effects of two subsidy strategies,government subsidy to farmers according to planted area(SF)and subsidy to retailers according to purchase volume(SR),on the supply chain.The effects of farmers'land capacity constraints and risk aversion,fiscal budget,and output uncertainty on strategy choice and subsidy effectiveness are analyzed.It is found that:when the farmers'land capacity is above a certain threshold and the fiscal budget is limited,then the SF strategy outperforms the SR strategy,but the SR strategy outperforms the SF strategy when the fiscal budget is more abundant.When the farmers'land capacity is moderate and the budget is not limited,the subsidy strategies affect the SF and SR strategies in the same way.When the farmers'land capacity is below a certain threshold,there is no need for the government to provide any subsidy.With respect to dealing with output uncertainty,the SF strategy is better than the SR strategy.Considering farmers'risk aversion,the SF strategy is more favorable if the budget is limited,and the SR strategy is more advantageous if the budget is abundant,but the higher the degree of risk aversion,the lower the social welfare under both strategies,indicating that both subsidy strategies cannot well handle the negative effects caused by farmers'risk aversion.