不同年龄飞行人员BMI、运动习惯、睡眠质量调查分析

Body mass index, exercise habits and sleep quality of flight personnel of different ages

目的 调查分析飞行人员BMI、运动习惯、睡眠质量等随年龄增加的变化特点,为飞行人员航空卫生保障措施的制定提供依据。方法 随机整群抽取112名男性飞行人员为研究对象,并按年龄分为4组,以调查问卷的方法进行BMI、运动习惯和睡眠质量调查,分析年龄与以上因素的相关性。结果112名飞行人员体质量正常占比83.04%,超重肥胖占比16.96%。不同年龄组飞行人员平均BMI差异有统计学意义(F=4.278,P=0.007),<30岁组飞行人员平均BMI低于30~39及40~49岁组飞行人员(P=0.003、0.004);体质量正常范围内,不同年龄组飞行人员平均BMI差异有统计学意义(F=3.586,P=0.017),<30岁组飞行人员平均BMI低于30~39岁组及40~49岁组飞行人员(P=0.026、0.003)。飞行人员的年龄与BMI呈正相关(r_s=0.318,P<0.001)。飞行人员各项运动的参加率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=190.903,P<0.001),跑步的参加率高于器械、球类和其它项目(χ^(2)=13.819、114.615、129.028,P<0.001、<0.001、<0.001)、器械运动的参加率高于球类和其他项目(χ^(2)=59.386、71.398,P<0.001、<0.001)。不同年龄飞行人员跑步、器械运动、球类、其他运动的参加率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=15.136、8.333、10.728、16.153,P=0.001、0.036、0.008、<0.001);≥50岁组飞行人员跑步的参加率少于<30、30~39及40~49岁年龄组(χ^(2)=8.189、11.058、8.784,P=0.004、<0.001,0.003),且其他运动项目的参加率高于<30、30~39岁年龄组(χ^(2)=13.149、11.058,P<0.001、=0.001);不同年龄飞行人员参加运动项目的种类差异有统计学意义(H=8.719,P=0.033),≥50岁组飞行人员参加的运动项目种类少于<30岁组(P=0.023)。飞行人员的年龄与器械运动、球类运动呈负相关(r_s=-0.208、-0.325,P=0.027、<0.001),与其他运动呈正相关(r_s=0.343,P<0.001),与参加运动项目的种类呈负相关(r_s=-0.248,P=0.008)。不同年龄组飞行人员的睡眠不足率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.148,P=0.041),各年龄组飞行人员的睡眠时间差异有统计学意义(H=9.113,P=0.028)。影响飞行人员睡眠质量的因素差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=20.341,P<0.001),浅睡的发生率高于多梦和早醒(χ^(2)=9.524、17.405,P=0.002、<0.001)。不同年龄组飞行人员早醒的发生率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=13.258,P=0.002),<30岁飞行人员早醒的发生率低于40~49和≥50岁组飞行人员(χ^(2)=8.010、6.035,P=0.005、0.014)。不同年龄组飞行人员睡眠质量影响因素的种类差异有统计学意义(H=13.879,P=0.003),<30岁组的飞行人员睡眠质量影响因素种类少于30~39、40~49岁组飞行人员(P=0.005、0.031)。年龄与睡眠不足率、睡眠时间呈负相关(r_s=-0.247、-0.264,P=0.009、0.005),与多梦、早醒因素及影响睡眠的因素种类呈正相关(r_s=0.209、0.330、0.312,P=0.027、<0.001、<0.001);入睡难与睡眠时间呈负相关(r_s=-0.430,P<0.001),与睡眠不足率呈负相关(r_s=-0.352,P<0.001)。另外,多梦与跑步呈负相关(r_s=-0.221,P=0.019),与浅睡呈正相关(r_s=0.200,P=0.035)。结论 随飞行人员年龄增长,BMI增加,参加运动种类趋于简单,睡眠不足率增加,更易发生早醒。应针对不同年龄飞行人员的运动习惯给予科学指导,及时干预影响睡眠质量下降的因素,维护飞行人员身体健康,延长飞行寿命。

Objective To investigate the way in which BMI,exercise habits and sleep quality of flight personnel of different ages tend to change so as to provide data for aeromedical support for flight personnel.Methods By means of a questionnaire,112 personnel were randomly selected and divided into four groups by age.BMI,exercise habits and sleep quality were investigated to analyze the correlations between age and the above factors.Results Among the 112 personnel,83.04%were normal weight and 16.96%were overweight or obese.There were statistical differences in BMI between different age groups(F=4.278,P=0.007) Within the normal range of weight, there were statistical differences in BMI between different age groups(F=3.586, P=0.017),the average BMI in groups ages 30 to 39 and 40 to 49 was higher than that of the group under 30(P<0.05). There was a positivecorrelation between age and BMI(rs=0.318, P<0.001). There were statistically significant differences in the types of physicalactivity these subjects were engaged in(χ^(2)=190.903, P<0.001). More people took to jogging and workout with equipment thanball games and other forms of exercise(P<0.05), with jogging as the most popular exercise(P<0.05). There were statisticallysignificant differences between the four age groups in preference for jogging, workout with equipment, ball games and other formsof exercise(χ^(2)=15.136, 8.333, 10.728, 16.153, P=0.001, 0.036, 0.008, <0.001). Jogging was less popular in the group aged 50 andolder(P<0.05), and the participation rate of other sports is higher than that of the other three age groups(all P<0.05). Therewere significant differences in the types of exercise chosen by personnel of different ages(H=8.719, P=0.033). The group aged50 and older were engaged in smaller varieties of exercise than those in the group under 30(P<0.05). The age of personnel wasnegatively correlated with workout with equipment and ball games(rs=-0.208, -0.325, P=0.027, <0.001), positively correlatedwith other forms of exercise(rs=0.343, P<0.001), and negatively correlated with types of exercise(rs=-0.248, P=0.008). Therewere statistically significant differences in the proportion of sleep deficiency between the four age groups(χ^(2)=8.148,P=0.041).There were significant differences in sleep time between the four age groups(H=9.113, P=0.028). There are differences in thefactors that affect the sleep quality of flight personnel(χ^(2)=20.341, P<0.001). Light sleep was more common than dreaminess andearly waking(P<0.05). Early waking was more prevalent in the group ages 40 to 49 and in the group aged 50 and older than inthe other two groups(P<0.05). There is a statistically significant difference in the incidence of early awakening among flightpersonnel of different age groups(χ^(2)=13.258, P=0.002). There were statistically significant differences in influencing factorsof sleep quality(H=13.879, P=0.003). There are more types of influencing factors on sleep quality among flight personnel inthe group ages 30 to 39 and in the group ages 40 to 49 than those in the group under 30(all P<0.05). The age of personnelwas negatively correlated with the rate of sleep deficiency and sleep time(rs=-0.247, -0.264, P=0.009, 0.005), but positivelycorrelated with such influencing factors as dreaminess and early waking(rs=0.209, 0.330, 0.312, P=0.027, <0.001, <0.001). Thedifficulty in falling asleep was negatively correlated with sleep time(rs=-0.430, P<0.001), and negatively correlated with therate of sleep deficiency(rs=-0.352, P<0.001). Dreaminess was negatively correlated with jogging(rs=-0.221, P=0.019), andpositively correlated with light sleep(rs=0.200, P=0.035). Conclusions With the increase of age and BMI, flight personnel tendsto engage in simpler types of exercise, and is more vulnerable to sleep deficiency and early waking. They should be given guidanceand quick interventions to ensure their sleep quality. Flight personnel of different ages should be scientifically guided based ontheir exercise habits and promptly intervened in factors that affect their sleep quality decline, in order to maintain their physicalhealth and extend their flight lifespan.