2007—2021年住院飞行人员疾病谱分析

Disease spectrum of hospitalized aircrews in 2007-2021

目的 分析比较住院飞行人员疾病谱变化特点,为提高军队航卫保障能力提供理论依据。方法 收集2007年1月—2021年12月在北部战区空军医院住院的飞行人员病例资料,统计患者的年龄、性别、飞行时间和临床诊断,分析总结疾病谱变化特点。结果纳入本研究的2 489例住院飞行人员共诊断疾病374种,患病率最高的疾病依次为肌肉骨骼系统和结缔组织疾病、消化系统疾病、损伤、中毒和外因的某些其他后果、循环系统疾病、呼吸系统疾病。其中呼吸道感染、骨折、外伤与年龄呈负相关(r=-0.46、-0.67、-0.41,P<0.001、<0.001、=0.021)。与2000—2005年住院飞行人员疾病谱比较,呼吸道感染、高血压病、骨折、颈椎间盘脱出、外伤、胃炎患病率升高(χ^(2)=40.14、21.06、24.29、6.03、13.92、9.14,P<0.001、<0.001、<0.001、=0.014、<0.001、=0.003),腰椎间盘脱出、颈椎病患病率降低(χ^(2)=100.53、48.02,P均<0.001)。我军飞行人员疾病谱中消化系统疾病、呼吸系统疾病、泌尿生殖系统疾病患病率高于美军飞行人员(χ^(2)=30.28、51.09、429.64,P均<0.001),耳和乳突疾病、眼和附器疾病患病率低于美军飞行人员(χ^(2)=317.02、619.99,P均<0.001)。结论 对住院飞行人员病例资料进行统计,分析其疾病谱变化特点,可使基层航医及上级医疗保障机构有针性的对飞行人员开展预防和干预措施,更好地保障飞行人员的生理心理健康,提高航空兵部队战斗力。

Objective To investigate the disease spectrum of hospitalized PLA aircrews,analyze the changes of the disease spectrum,and provide data for military aeromedical support.Methods The data of aircrews hospitalized in the Air Force Hospital between January 2007 and December 2021 was collected.The patients'age,gender,years of fight,and results of clinical diagnosis were recorded.Results A total of 2489 aircrews were included in the study,The most common diseases involved the musculoskeletal system and connective tissues,digestive system,injuries,poisoning,and the circulatory system.The incidence of respiratory infections,fractures and trauma was negatively correlated with age(r=-0.46,-0.67,-0.41,P<0.001,<0.001,=0.021).Compared with the disease spectrum of inpatients in 2000-2005,the rate of respiratory infections,hypertension,fractures,cervical disc herniation trauma and gastritis increased(χ^(2)=40.14,21.06,24.29,6.03,13.92,9.14,P<0.001,<0.001,<0.001,=0.014,<0.001,=0.003),while that of prolapse of lumbar inter vertebral discs and cervical spondylosis decreased(χ^(2)=100.53,48.02,both P<0.001).The incidence of diseases with the digestive system,respiratory system,and genitourinary system was higher than that of US military aircrews(χ^(2)=30.28,51.09,429.64,all P<0.001),while the incidence of diseases with the ear,mastoid process,eyes and adnexa was lower(χ^(2)=317.02,619.99,both P<0.001).Conclusion Precautions and interventions should be based on the disease spectrum of aircrews.Routine training and dietary support should be improved for aircrews so as to ensure their physiological and mental health.