不同玉米品种对玉米蚜抗性评价研究

Resistance Evaluation of Different Maize Varieties to Rhopalosiphum maidis

为明确玉米蚜对8个供试玉米品种生理特性的影响,筛选出抗玉米蚜的玉米品种,在苗期对8个供试玉米品种进行了人工接种玉米蚜,并测定了其叶绿素含量,超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性和游离脯氨酸、丙二醛、可溶性糖含量,同时采用隶属函数法对供试品种进行了综合分析,并运用逐步回归分析建立了最优回归方程,筛选出不同抗性玉米在抗玉米蚜方面较为显著的指标。结果表明,8个供试玉米品种经玉米蚜处理后,叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量均有所降低,超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶活性和游离脯氨酸、丙二醛、可溶性糖含量均有不同程度的提高;8个供试玉米品种的抗虫性由强到弱排序依次为郑单958>先玉335>鲁单6号>鲁单6018>齐单1号>济单8号>德发705>德单123。综上,经玉米蚜处理影响了供试玉米品种的生理特性,其中郑单958和先玉335主要通过维持叶绿素含量、增加抗氧化酶活性来提高对玉米蚜的抗性,鲁单6号、鲁单6018、齐单1号、济单8号主要通过增加渗透调节物质(SS)对抗玉米蚜,德发705和德单123主要通过积累游离脯氨酸来缓解玉米蚜的危害。

To clarify the effect of Rhopalosiphum maidis on the physiological characteristics of eight maize varieties and screen maize materials for resistance to Rhopalosiphum maidis.At the seedling stage,eight materials were artificially inoculated with Rhopalosiphum maidis,and chlorophyll content,superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),catalase(CAT),proline(Pro),malondialdehyde(MDA),and soluble sugar(SS)content were determined.Meanwhile,the method of subordinate function was adopted to comprehensively analyze the test materials,and optimal regression equations were set up with stepwise regression analysis to filter out the indicators that were more remarkable for the different resistant maize in terms of the resistance to Rhopalosiphum maidis.The results showed that the chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,and total chlorophyll contents of eight maize varieties were significantly reduced under the treatment of Rhopalosiphum maidis,while the contents of SOD,POD,CAT,Pro,MDA,and SS were increased to different degrees,and the insect resistance of the eight test materials was ranked in the order of strongest to weakest as Zhengdan 958>Xianyu 335>Ludan 6>Ludan 6018>Qidan 1>Jidan 8>Defa 705>Dedan 123.In conclusion,all the Rhopalosiphum maidis treatments affected the physiological characteristics of the test maize.Zhengdan 958 and Xianyu 335 improved resistance to Rhopalosiphum maidis mainly by maintaining chlorophyll content and increasing antioxidant enzyme activity(SOD).Ludan 6,Ludan 6018,Qidan 1 and Jidan 8 mainly resisted Rhopalosiphum maidis by increasing osmoregulatory substances(SS).Defa 705 and Dedan 123 mainly alleviated Rhopalosiphum maidis damage by accumulating free proline.