黑水虻处理牛粪对水稻生长状况及养分流失风险的影响

Effects of Dairy Cattle Manure Treated by Hermetia illucens on Growth Status of Rice and Nutrient Loss Risk

设置8个盆栽试验处理,即施用100%化肥(100%F)、70%化肥+30%鲜牛粪(70%F+30%N)、50%化肥+50%鲜牛粪(50%F+50%N)、30%化肥+70%鲜牛粪(30%F+70%N)、70%化肥+30%黑水虻处理牛粪(70%F+30%CN)、50%化肥+50%黑水虻处理牛粪(50%F+50%CN)、30%化肥+70%黑水虻处理牛粪(30%F+70%CN)、不施肥(CK),研究了2种牛粪替代部分化肥对水稻生长状况以及盆面水养分流失风险的影响。结果表明:施用经黑水虻处理过的牛粪可以降低水稻在根生物量上的配置,增加其地上部分的生物量配置比例;当2种牛粪替代化肥的比例小于50%时,水稻的生长指标和产量在短期内没有显著降低;盆面水氮素流失的关键期在施肥后7~10 d内,而磷素流失的关键期受施肥期和水稻生长期的共同影响。考虑到新鲜牛粪具有污染环境等风险,黑水虻处理后的牛粪更适合用作水稻的有机肥。

Eight pot treatments were set up in this study,namely,100%fertilizer(100%F),70%fertilizer+30%fresh dairy cattle manure(70%F+30%N),50%fertilizer+50%fresh dairy cattle manure(50%F+50%N),30%fertilizer+70%fresh dairy cattle manure(30%F+70%N),70%fertilizer+30%dairy cattle manure treated by Hermetia illucens(70%F+30%CN),50%fertilizer+50%dairy cattle manure treated by Hermetia illucens(50%F+50%CN),30%fertilizer+70%dairy cattle manure treated by Hermetia illucens(30%F+70%CN)and no fertilization(CK).The effects of two kinds of dairy cattle manure on rice growth and nutrient loss risk in basin surface water of rice were studied.The results showed that the dairy cattle manure treated by Hermetia illucens could decrease the allocation of root biomass of rice,and increase the allocation of aboveground part of rice.In the treatment group where the substitution ratio of two kinds of dairy cattle manure was less than 50%,the rice growth index and yield did not decrease significantly in the short term.The critical period of nitrogen loss was within 7~10 d after fertilization,and critical period of phosphorus loss was affected by the fertilization period and the growth period of rice.Considering the environmental pollution risks brought by fresh dairy cattle manure,the dairy cattle manure treated by Hermetia illucens is more suitable to be used as organic fertilizer for rice.