从陕北汉画像石看儒学对边塞地区的影响

The Influence of Confucianism on the Frontier Fortress:A View from Figure Stone of Han Dynasty in Northern Shaanxi

汉画像石作为一种祭祀性丧葬艺术和石刻艺术,保存了大量珍贵的历史文化信息,传达着古人对世界的认识和生命的思考。陕北出土的汉画像石,因其特殊的地理位置,具有鲜明的边郡特色。但在汉代“儒学大兴”的风潮影响下,其间亦蕴含着极浓郁的儒家思想。诸如“视死如生”观念、崇尚“仁、义、礼、智、信”的美德、“入世”“务实”精神以及“中和”“节制”的美学原则等都凝结于内,从而使之兼具了区域性和超地域性的双重品格。同时,对画像石的发现也为我们了解这一时期陕北民众的社会生活和精神风貌,考证汉代儒学何以影响到上郡等边塞地区提供了关键的证据。

As a kind of sacrificial funerary art and stone carving art,figure stone of Han Dynasty preserves a large amount of precious historical and cultural information,conveying the ancients understanding of the world and thinking about life.The figure stone of Han Dynasty in Northern Shaanxi has distinct characteristics of frontier fortress because of their special geographical location.However,under the influence of the"great prosperity of Confucianism"in the Han Dynasty,it also contains a very strong Confucianism.Such as the concept of"treating death as life",advocating the virtues of"benevolence,justice,propriety,wisdom and faith",the spirit of"entering the world""pragmatic"and the aesthetic principles of Doctrine of the"Mean"are condensed in it,thus making its regional and extra-regional dual character.At the same time,the discovery of the figure stone also provides us with the key evidence to understand the social life and spiritual outlook of the people in Northern Shaanxi during this period,and to research how Confucianism influenced Shangjun and other border areas in the Han Dynasty.