化肥有机替代对黑土土壤肥力的影响——基于30年长期定位试验

Effects of organic substitution of chemical fertilizer on soil fertility of black soil-based on 30 years long-term fertilization experiment

有机粪肥施入与秸秆还田已经成为改良黑土性状的重要途径。以30年长期定位试验为研究平台,探讨了长期有机物料投入对土壤理化性质的影响。研究共包含4个处理:(1)不施肥(CK);(2)单施化肥(NPK);(3)有机粪肥部分替代化肥(NPKM);(4)秸秆部分替代化肥(NPKS)。研究结果指出,与NPK处理相比,NPKM与NPKS处理分别提高58.7%和10.7%的土壤有机碳含量、66.4%和18.5%的全氮含量、27.6%和25%的全钾含量(P<0.05);在土壤全磷含量方面,NPKM处理提高了56.6%的全磷含量(P<0.05),而NPKS处理对土壤全磷含量无显著影响。NPK处理中土壤pH最低,为5.97,NPKM与NPKS处理土壤pH分别为7.26和7.99,显著高于NPK处理(P<0.05)。与NPK处理相比,NPKM和NPKS处理分别降低了17.9%和13.8%的土壤容重(P<0.05)。在作物产量方面,与NPK处理相比,NPKM处理显著提高了9.6%的玉米产量(P<0.05),而NPKS处理对作物产量无显著影响。综上所述,长期有机粪肥与秸秆施入可以有效提高黑土有机质及养分含量,抑制土壤酸化、板结,改善土壤理化性质,提高土壤质量。

Organic manure application and straw return were the important methods in amending black soil.The effects of long-term organic materials application on soil physic-chemical properties were explored base on the 30 years long-term location experiment.A total of four treatments were included in this research,including no fertilizer application(CK),only chemical fertilizer application(NPK),organic manure partly replaced chemical fertilizer application(NPKM);and straw partly replaced chemical fertilizer application(NPKS).Results indicated that,in contrast with NPKS treatment,NPKM and NPKS treatment increased soil organic carbon(SOC)by 58.7%and 10.7%,soil total nitrogen by 66.4%and 18.5%,soil total potassium by 27.6%and 25%,respectively(P<0.05).NPKM treatment significantly increased soil total phosphorus by 56.6%(P<0.05),while NPKS treatment did not significantly affected soil total phosphorus.The lowest soil pH was 5.97,which was found in NPK treatment,the soil pH in NPKM and NPKS treatment were 7.26 and 7.99,respectively,which were significantly higher than that of NPK treatment(P<0.05).Comparing with NPK treatment,NPKM and NPKS treatment decreased soil bulk density by 17.9%and 13.8%(P<0.05),respectively.In terms of crop yield,in contrast with NPK,NPKM treatment significantly enhanced maize production by 9.6%(P<0.05),while NPKS treatment had no significant effect.Summing up the results above,long-term organic manure and straw application could significantly increase SOC and soil nutrients content,inhibit soil acidification and compaction,improve soil physic-chemical properties and qualities.