宁夏枸杞主产区土壤化学肥力现状及评价

Situation and quality evaluation of soil chemical nutrients of Lycium barbarum L.main producing areas in Ningxia

枸杞是著名的中药材,也是宁夏的优势特色作物,为探明宁夏枸杞主产区土壤质量现状,于2021年对宁夏枸杞主产区中宁县7个乡镇的枸杞园土壤进行了多点调查及土壤养分测定,依据我国北方果园养分划分标准及其他产区枸杞园养分状况对宁夏枸杞主产区养分现状进行评价。研究结果表明:(1)在枸杞返青前0~100 cm剖面土壤含水量平均约14.5%;耕层(0~40 cm)pH、EC均值分别为8.02、817.4μS/cm,有机质含量均值为8.59 g/kg,碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量均值分别为62.2、104.1、273.1 mg/kg。(2)0~100 cm剖面含水量变化较大,其中70~80 cm含水量相对较低;从表层10 cm至下层100 cm土壤盐分含量呈递减趋势,表层EC值达1045.4μS/cm,较下层100 cm处高47.8%;碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量从20 cm至100 cm均呈递减趋势,碱解氮含量在40 cm处变化幅度较大,有效磷和速效钾含量在60 cm处变化幅度较大。(3)依据果园养分质量评价标准,耕层0~40 cm土壤质量总体偏碱性,表层0~10 cm轻度盐渍化,20 cm以下虽未达到盐渍化程度,但含盐量相对较高;表层0~10 cm土壤有机质适中,10 cm以下偏低;碱解氮含量在0~30 cm土层适中,表层(0~10 cm)有效磷和速效钾含量均很高。由此可见,宁夏枸杞园应注意多施有机肥,合理控制磷、钾肥用量,注意调控表层土壤盐渍化问题,此研究为宁夏及西北其他省份枸杞园土壤养分管理及水肥资源高效利用提供了重要参考依据。

Lycium barbarum L.was a famous medicine material in the world and it was also a dominant crop in Ningxia province.In 2021,in order to find out the situation of soil fertility in the main production areas,a multi-point investigation and soil nutrient determination of Lycium barbarum L.orchards were conducted in seven towns in Zhongning county,where was main production areas in Ningxia province.And the current situation of soil nutrients was evaluated according to the nutrient classification standards of orchards in northern China and the soil nutrients in other provinces.The result showed that:(1)The average soil water content in the profile(0-100 cm)was about 14.5%before the turning green period of Lycium barbarum L.;The average pH and EC of the surface layer(0-40 cm)were 8.02 and 817.4μS/cm,respectively,the organic matter was 8.59 g/kg,and the average contents of Alkeline-N(AN),available phosphorus(AP)and available potassium(AK)were 62.2,104.1 and 273.1 mg/kg,respectively.(2)The water content of in the profile(0-100 cm)changed greatly,it was relatively low at 70-80 cm.The soil salinity showed a decreasing trend from 10 to 100 cm in the profile,and the surface soil(0-10 cm)EC value reached 1045.4μS/cm and it was 47.8%higher than that of the lower layer(100 cm).The AN,AP and AK showed a decreasing trend from 20 to 100 cm,with a large reduction range at 40 cm for AN,and the same large reduction range at 60 cm for AP and AK.(3)According to the evaluation standard of orchard nutrient quality,the soil quality of 0-40 cm plough layer was generally alkaline,and the surface layer of 0-10 cm was slightly salinized.Although the soil below 20 cm was not salinized yet,its salt content was relatively high.The soil organic matter in 0-10 cm soil layer was moderate,and it was low below 10 cm.The content of available nitrogen in 0-30 cm was moderate,and the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium in 0-10 cm were high.In conclusion,in Lycium barbarum L.orchard of Ningxia,organic fertilizer should be paid more attention,the amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be reasonably controlled,and the salinization of surface soil should be paid attention to regulating.This study provides an important reference for the management of soil nutrients and the efficient utilization of water and fertilizer resources in Lycium barbarum L.orchard in Ningxia and other northwest provinces.