秸秆配施微生物菌肥对盐碱地土壤理化性质及作物产量和品质的影响

Effects of straw combined with microbial fertilizer on soil physical and chemical properties and crop yield and quality in saline-alkali soil

在内蒙古达拉特旗盐碱地分别设置秸秆配施微生物菌肥(GF)、微生物菌肥单施(F)、秸秆单施(G)、不施秸秆不施微生物菌肥(CK)4个处理,同时种植燕麦、高丹草、黍子、油葵4种作物,明确其对盐碱地土壤理化性质和作物产量、品质的影响。结果表明,秸秆配施微生物菌肥种植油葵的土壤容重、pH、电导率降低效果显著,分别较CK降低24.14%、4.94%、32.40%;土壤孔隙度显著提高20.26%;有机质、速效钾含量在GF处理下种植油葵的土壤中最高,分别较CK增加27.84%、8.33%;碱解氮在配施处理下种植高丹草的土壤中最高,较CK显著提高12.53%,有效磷在微生物菌肥单施处理下种植油葵的土壤中最高,较CK提高了37%。与CK相比,GF处理下燕麦、高丹草饲草产量分别显著增加88.55%、60.00%,黍子、油葵籽粒产量分别显著提高62.84%、53.75%;与CK相比,GF处理显著提高了燕麦、高丹草饲草和黍子的粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量,并降低了中性、酸性洗涤纤维含量。GF处理下油葵籽粒中粗脂肪、油酸、亚油酸含量显著提高,棕榈酸、硬脂酸含量显著降低。综上所述,秸秆配施微生物菌肥有助于改善盐碱地土壤理化性状,增加土壤养分含量并提高作物的产量和品质。

The experiment was carried out in the saline-alkali soil of Dalate Banner,Inner Mongolia.Four treatments were set up,namely,straw plus microbial bacterial fertilizer(GF),microbial bacterial fertilizer alone(F),straw alone(G),and no straw plus microbial bacterial fertilizer(CK).At the same time,four crops were planted,including Avena sativa L.,Sorghum hybrid sudangrass,Panicum miliaceum L.and oil sunflower,to determine their effects on the physical and chemical properties of saline-alkali soil and crop yield and quality.The results showed that the soil bulk density,pH and electrical conductivity of oil sunflower planted with straw and microbial bacterial fertilizer were significantly reduced by 24.14%,4.94%and 32.40%,respectively,compared with CK,and soil porosity was increased by 20.26%.Compared with CK,the contents of organic matter and available potassium in the soil planted with oil sunflower under GF treatment were the highest,were increased by 27.84%and 8.33%,respectively.Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen was the highest in the soil planted with Sorghum hybrid sudangrass under the treatment of combined application,which was 12.53%higher than CK,and the available phosphorus was the highest in the soil planted with oil sunflower under the treatment of microbial bacterial fertilizer alone,which was 37%higher than that of CK.Compared with CK,under GF treatment,the yields of Avena sativa L.and Sorghum hybrid sudangrass were increased by 88.55%and 60.00%,respectively,and the grain yield of Panicum miliaceum L.and oil sunflower were increased by 62.84%and 53.75%,respectively.Compared with CK,GF treatment significantly increased the contents of crude protein and crude fat of Avena sativa L.,Sorghum hybrid sudangrass,Panicum miliaceum L.,and decreased the content of neutral and acid detergent fiber.The contents of crude fat,oleic acid and linoleic acid in sunflower seeds were significantly increased under GF treatment,while the contents of palmitic acid and stearic acid were significantly decreased.To sum up,straw combined with microbial fertilizer can help improve the physical and chemical properties of saline soil,increase soil nutrient content and improve crop yield and quality.