蚯蚓粪益生菌肥对铁棍山药不同生长时期共生微生物群落及其品质的影响

Effects of application of vermicompost with probiotics on symbiotic microbial community structure at different growth periods and quality of Chinese Yam(Dioscorea opposita Thunb.cv.Tiegun)

蚯蚓粪富含有机质、腐殖酸及微生物菌群,可作为植物养分供应和土壤理化性质改善的常用有机肥基质,然而,其对山药的生长和品质的影响尚不清楚。以木质纤维素饲喂的赤子爱胜蚓得到的蚯蚓粪为基质配施益生菌剂开展山药施用效果的研究,统计分析蚯蚓粪益生菌肥添加对山药生长和品质的变化,探究其对于山药共生微生物群落的影响。结果表明:蚯蚓粪益生菌肥的使用促进了铁棍山药的株高及单株重,提高了山药的产量,收获期铁棍山药中黄酮含量升高了2.48 mg/g,增长约37.48%,可溶性糖、蛋白质及皂苷等营养成分分别提高0.26、0.14、0.31倍;通过对铁棍山药不同生长时期根际微生物和内生微生物群落结构的分析表明,施肥后根际土壤中链霉菌、鞘氨醇单胞菌、芽孢杆菌明显增多,绿僵菌等明显减少,并且这些丰度明显改变的微生物也与土壤理化性质之间有着明显的相关性。内生微生物中泛菌、枝孢菌明显增多,青枯菌、Cyphellophora等病原微生物丰度明显减少。蚯蚓粪益生菌肥的施用改善了山药根际微生态健康状况,减少了发病率,提高了山药品质。

Vermicompost was rich in organic matter,humic acid and microbiota.Vermicompost was a common organic fertilizer as a substrate used for plant nutrients supply and improvement of soil physical and chemical properties,but its effects on the growth and quality of Chinese yam(Dioscorea opposita Thunb.cv.Tiegun)is not clear.In this study,the vermicompost of Eisenia foetida fed with lignocellulose was used as substrate combined with probiotics for the study of application effects on Yam.The changes of vermicompost with probiotics on the growth and quality of yam were statistically analyzed,and the effects on the symbiotic microbial community of yam were explored.The results showed that the application of vermicompost with probiotic fertilizer promoted the height and weight of yam plant,and increased the yields of Yam.Besides,the content of flavonoids in per gram weight of yam during harvest time increased by 2.48 mg,with 37.48%increase rate.The contents of soluble sugar,protein and saponin increased by 0.26,0.14 and 0.31 times,respectively.The analysis of rhizosphere and endophytic microbial community structures in different growth stages of Chinese Yam showed that after fertilization,the abundance of Streptomyces,Sphingomonas,Bacillus,Metarhizium decreased in rhizosphere soil,the abundance of these species changed significantly in the rhizosphere microorganisms and soil physicochemical properties were significantly correlated,while the abundance of Pantoea and Cladosporium were significantly increased in the endophytic system.The abundance of pathogenic microorganisms such as Ralstonia and Cyphellophora decreased significantly.The application of vermicompost combined with probiotic fertilizer improved the rhizosphere microecological health of yam,reduced morbidity and improved the quality of yam.