列宁农村建设思想及其对乡村振兴战略的镜鉴

Lenin’s Thought on Rural Construction and Its Reflection on the Strategy of Rural Revitalization

列宁农村建设思想是列宁根据苏俄所处的特殊历史时期和具体国情,将马克思主义普遍真理同苏俄农村具体实际相结合而形成的理论成果。在没有可借鉴的社会主义建设经验情况下,列宁通过辩证唯物主义分析国内主要矛盾、坚持马克思主义理论联系实际、始终关注和维护农民利益,开创了社会主义农村建设的先河,创造性地提出了一系列关于苏俄社会主义农村建设的重要实践,主要包括调整土地政策、实行粮食税、开展农村文化建设和利用国家资本主义发展社会主义等四个典型措施。经过实践检验后的列宁农村建设思想,不仅冲破并解决了落后的苏俄在开展农村建设过程中的诸多困境,而且对新时代我国走中国特色农村建设道路,全面推进乡村振兴、实现农业农村现代化等发展目标有着重要启示作用。

Lenin’s rural construction thought is a theoretical achievement formed by combining the uni⁃versal truth of Marxism with the specific reality of Soviet rural areas based on the special historical peri⁃od and specific national conditions of Soviet Union.In the absence of reference for socialist construc⁃tion experience,Lenin pioneered socialist rural construction by analyzing the main domestic contradic⁃tions through dialectical materialism,adhering to the integration of Marxist theory with practice,and al⁃ways paying attention to and safeguarding the interests of farmers.He creatively put forward a series of important practices related to Soviet socialist rural construction,including adjusting land policies,im⁃plementing grain taxes,carrying out rural cultural construction and utilizing state capitalism to develop socialism.After practical testing,Lenin’s rural construction ideas not only broke through and solved many difficulties faced by the backward Soviet Union in carrying out rural construction,but also played an important enlightening role in China’s new era of taking the path of rural construction with Chinese characteristics,comprehensively promoting rural revitalization,and achieving development goals such as agricultural and rural modernization.