论南宋禅僧的诗学观念——以橘洲宝昙、北磵居简和物初大观为例

On the Poetic Concept of Zen Monks in Southern Song Dynasty——Taking Bao Tan,Bei Jian and Da Guan as Examples

南宋禅僧宝昙、居简、大观对诗歌的本质、诗人与自然环境和前人经验之关系的探讨,对诗歌审美特征的把握和诗歌美学风格的追求,以及为禅僧从事文学创作提供理论支持,显现出该群体的诗学观念:他们认为“诗为道之余”,反对雕琢苦吟,推崇平淡之美;既提倡“江山之助”,也重视“遍考前作”;强调诗歌创作本乎性情,应以抒情达意为先;他们相信禅僧热衷诗文与参禅修行并行不悖。这些观念反映了他们的创新精神,表明了他们决不甘当士人诗坛的附庸而致力成为诗坛重要一翼的态度,昭示着禅僧“诗人”身份意识的强化。

In the Southern Song Dynasty,Zen monks like Bao Tan,Ju Jian and Da Duan explored the quality of poetry,the relationship between poets and the natural environment and the experience of predecessors,grasped the aesthetic traits of poetry,pursued the aesthetic style of poetry,and provided theoretical support for the Zen monks to engage in literary creation.This embodies their poetic concepts as a group.They advocates poems are the embodiment of Tao in pursuit of simplicity,against excessive polishing.They hold that poets can depict natural beauty in works and refer to previous works,that poetry depends on temperament,and lyric expression should be given top priority.They believe that Zen monks' passion for poetry goes hand in hand with Zen practice.These ideas reflect their innovative spirit,indicating that they strive to become an important part of the scholars' poetry circle and the building of the Zen monks' identity as poets.