儿童早期福利的国外政策实践与中国路径选择

Foreign Policy Practice and China's Option in Early Childhood Welfare Design

本研究参考吉尔伯特社会福利政策分析框架,系统梳理英国、美国、日本、瑞典儿童早期福利政策的设计逻辑与实践经验。研究发现,针对儿童早期的政策行动是回应儿童早期福利需要及权利保障的国家手段,“投资儿童”“家庭支持取向”“政策整合”“体系联动”“高质量服务”“责任共担”成为福利设计的国际共识。本文分析的四类儿童早期福利模式均受国家制度、时代背景、福利思想等因素的共同影响,具有内在一致性,反映了家庭—社会—国家关系的政策认知差异,体现福利供给责任“家庭化”与“去家庭化”的动态平衡。基于我国国情社情,应将儿童早期福利纳入国家议题进行整体性考量,构建中国特色儿童早期福利政策体系。

The study systematically examines the design logic and practical experience of policies in typical institutional countries such as the United Kingdom,the United States,Japan and Sweden,based on Gilbert's Social Welfare Policy analysis framework.Research findings:Early Childhood Welfare Policy action represents national welfare means to meet the developmental and familial needs of children.'Investing in Children','Family Orientation','Policy Integration','SystemLlinkage','High-quality Services'and'Shared Responsibility'have become international consensuses on the design of the national welfare system.The four types of the system of Early Child Welfare have internal consistency,is influenced by the national system,historical context,welfare philosophies,and other factors.It reflects the difference in policy cognition regarding the family-society-state relationship and demonstrates the dynamic balance between'familialism'and'defamilialization'responsibilities in welfare provision.Finally,based on China's national and social conditions,it is proposed to integrate early childhood welfare into the national agenda and establish a unique system of Early Childhood Welfare policies with Chinese characteristics.