基于说服式模型的城市社区老年人体力活动干预实验研究

An Experimental Study on Physical Activity Intervention of Elderly People in Urban Community Based on the Persuasive Design Model

以说服式模型为理论依据,从动机、能力和触发点三个要素出发,构建城市社区老年人体力活动干预模型,对老年人体力活动水平及能力进行干预。结果表明,干预前后老年人中高水平活动量、一周体力活动总量有明显提高,呈非常显著性差异(P<0.01);老年人步行(低水平)活动量有明显变化,但不具有统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预后老年人体力活动能力较干预前均有提高,具体表现为耐力能力(P<0.01)、上肢力量能力(P<0.01)、下肢力量能力(P<0.01)、平衡能力(P<0.01)、上肢灵活性(P<0.01)、下肢灵活性(P<0.01),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后老年人体力活动动机较干预前有明显转变,具体表现为由“增进健康、体质,社会交往,消遣娱乐”等抽象动机转变为“提高肢体平衡性、灵活性,提升睡眠质量,增强身体运动能力,减少身体不适感”等具体动机。研究可为政府针对老年群体的体力活动干预项目提供技术支持。

Based on the fogg behavior model,this paper constructs a physical activity intervention model for the elderly in urban communities from the three elements of motivation,ability and prompt,and intervenes in the physical activity level and ability of the elderly.The results showed that the amount of high-level activity and the total amount of physical activity in one week were significantly increased among the elderly before and after the intervention(P<0.01),and the walking(low-level)activity of the elderly was significantly changed,but it was not statistically significant(P>0.05).After the intervention,the physical activity capacity of the elderly was improved compared with that before the intervention,which was manifested as endurance ability(P<0.01),upper limb strength ability(P<0.01),lower limb strength ability(P<0.01),balance ability(P<0.01),upper limb flexibility(P<0.01),lower limb flexibility(P<0.01),and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).After the intervention,the motivation of physical activity of the elderly changed significantly compared with before the intervention,which was manifested as abstract motivations such as“improving health,physical fitness,social communication,and entertainment”to specific motivations such as“improving limb balance,flexibility,sleep quality,enhancing physical exercise ability,and reducing physical discomfort”.This study provides a scientific basis for the elderly to participate in physical activity in urban communities,provides technical support for the government’s intervention projects for physical activity in the elderly group,and plays a positive role in promoting healthy aging in the community.