邻避问题的发生、症结及其破解——H省S镇变电站建设案例分析

The occurrence,the crux and the solution of NIMBY problem:A case study of substation construction in S Town,H Province

基于深度访谈和参与式观察,通过聚焦H省S镇变电站建设从遭遇阻力到顺利完成的变迁历程,构建“风险感知—价值失灵—民主协商—价值实现”的整合性分析框架,以解析变电站邻避问题的产生原因、存在症结与破解路径。研究发现:民众的风险感知差异与主体间的利益博弈是邻避问题发生与演化的根源;协商沟通低效与公共价值失灵是邻避问题存在的症结;地方决策模式的转变是邻避冲突缓解的拐点。风险沟通、民主协商、利益补偿是邻避问题得以破解、公共价值得以实现的三大工具,而民众的有效参与和官方的积极回应是促成三大工具产生协同效应的关键。

Based on in-depth interviews and participatory observation,by focusing on the transformation process of substation construction from resistance to smooth completion in S Town,H province,this paper constructs the integrated analysis framework of"risk perception-value failure-democratic negotiation-value realization"to analyze the occurrence,crux and evolution of the substation NIMBY effect and explore the path of good governance of the NIMBY problem.The results show that risk perception difference and inter-agent interest game are the root causes of NIMBY problem,that the crux of the NIMBY problem is the inefficiency of negotiation and communication and the failure of public value,and that the change of local decision-making mode is the turning point of NIMBY conflict governance.Risk communication,democratic consultation and benefit compensation are the three major tools for the final resolution of the NIMBY problem and the realization of public value,and the effective participation of the public and the positive response of the government are the key to the synergistic effect of the three major tools.