环境权入环境法典之必要性商讨

Discussion on the Necessity of Incorporating Environmental Rights into the Environmental Code

论证环境权入环境法典的理由包括价值引领和构建公益诉讼权利基础的需要,但这两条理由均可商榷。环境法典作为部门法应该规定环境容量利用权、各种自然资源利用权等具体权利,不宜纠结于环境权入典。环境权本质是价值表述,但措辞抽象而未能明示需要协调的价值,立法目的表述令环境保护、经济社会发展的协调显性化,是比环境权更好地体现环境法典价值的方式。义务正当性并非只有权利论证模式,环境公益诉讼的正当性也并非来自权利,遑论环境权。环境权条款因缺乏构成要件和法律效果不能成为主要规范,且内容抽象不能胜任辅助规范功能。强行适用环境权条款将导致司法专断,或令本已错综复杂的公益诉讼之间的关系更加混乱。

The arguments for the incorporation of environmental rights in the environmental code include the need for value leadership and the construction of a right basis for public interest litigation,both of which are debatable.As a sectoral law,the Environmental Code should provide for specific rights such as the right to use environmental capacity and the right to use various natural resources,and it is not appropriate to dwell on the incorporation of environmental rights in the Code.Environmental rights are essentially expressions of values,but the wording is abstract and fails to express the values that need to be harmonized.The expression of legislative purpose makes the coordination between environmental protection and economic and social development visible,which is a better way to reflect the value of the Environmental Code than environmental rights.The justification of obligations is not the only model of rights argument,and the justification of environmental public interest litigation does not come from rights,let alone environmental rights.The environmental rights clause cannot be the main norm because of the lack of constituent elements and legal effects,and the abstract content is not competent for the auxiliary normative function.The application of the environmental rights clause will lead to judicial arbitrariness and confusion in the already complicated relationship of public interest litigation.