环境公共利益对环境权“入典”的阻却

Environmental Public Interest as a Deterrent for Environmental Rights regulated in Environmental Code

在环境法典编纂研究过程中,有学者主张将环境权纳入环境法典之中,但环境权“入典”必然遭遇到与环境法典中的环境公共利益的相互关系的问题。随着生态利益上升为作为法益的环境公共利益,环境公共利益完成了从应然状态到实然状态的转身,中国环境法律也已实现环境公共利益的体系化保护。环境公共利益的普惠性和享受的天然性,使得环境权的创设既无必要,也无可能。以环境公共利益为中心的未来环境法典,从基本原则、基本制度到法律救济的全过程都难以针对环境权有实质性、可操作性的规范空间。

In the process of environmental codification,some scholars have advocated the inclusion of environmental rights in the environmental code.This is an important attempt to move from theoretical research to legislative practice,but the“inclusion”of environmental rights in the Environmental Code is bound to encounter the environmental public interest in the Environmental Code.With the elevation of the ecological interest to a legal interest,the environmental public interest has been transformed from a state of necessity to a state of reality,and China’s environmental laws have also achieved the systematic protection of the environmental public interest.The universal nature of environmental public interest and the natural nature of its enjoyment make the creation of an environmental law neither necessary nor possible.A future environmental law centered on the environmental public interest would hardly have room for the substantive and operational regulation of environmental rights,from the basic principles and basic institutions to the whole process of legal remedies.Even if the need to“codify”environmental rights is based on national political and policy considerations,its value lies only in achieving a political declaration of environmental human rights by the state.