主权克制下的平台自决之惑——数字平台规制的国际协调与中国因应

The Confusion of Platform Self-Determination under Sovereign Restraint:International Harmonization and China’s Response to the Regulation of Digital Platforms

数字平台规制的国际协调目前面临三重难题:一国基于公共道德的平台规制措施很可能影响他国私权保护;一国权利保护措施可能对他国权利设置产生影响;数字平台内部“准立法权”与“准司法权”可能违反主权国家管辖权与国际跨境送达规则。在此进程中,主权国家对其主权的行使体现出了相当的克制与礼让,但主权的自我设限不可避免地造成了对平台内部治理干预的力所不逮。平台自决很可能导致较强势国家的法律与价值观对弱势国家造成不利影响,数字平台的全球布局还会造成对弱势国家主权的有意规避。数字平台国际规制表面上看是国家与平台间博弈,但本质上属于“国家-平台-他国”三角博弈。对此,我国有必要灵活处理数字平台服务条款中的争端解决条款效力问题,以保障我国司法主权对争议的覆盖;同时适当允许司法介入平台内部治理。在对外缔约当中,我国应精心设计服务贸易“不符清单”,同时以相对克制的方式实施互联网内容审查规则。

The international coordination of digital platform regulation is currently facing a triple problem:one country’s platform regulation measures based on public morality are likely to affect the protection of private rights in other countries;one country’s rights protection measures may have an impact on the rights of other countries;“quasi-legislative”and“quasi-judicial”rights within digital platforms may violate the jurisdiction of sovereign states and China’s sovereignty,while“quasi-jurisdiction”may violate the jurisdiction of sovereign states and China’s sovereignty.The“quasi-legislative power”and“quasi-judicial power”within digital platforms may violate the jurisdiction of sovereign states and international cross-border service rules.In this process,sovereign states have shown considerable restraint and comity in the exercise of their sovereignty,but the self-limitation of sovereignty inevitably results in limited intervention in the internal governance of platforms.The self-determination of platforms is likely to result in the laws and values of the more powerful countries adversely affecting the weaker ones,and the global layout of digital platforms will also result in the intentional circumvention of the sovereignty of the weaker countries.On the surface,the international regulation of digital platforms seems to be a game between countries and platforms,but in essence,it belongs to the triangular game of“country-platform-other country”.In this regard,it is necessary for our country to flexibly deal with the effectiveness of the dispute settlement provisions in the terms of service of digital platforms,so as to guarantee the coverage of disputes by our country’s judicial sovereignty;at the same time,it is appropriate to allow judicial intervention in the internal governance of the platforms.In foreign contracting,China should carefully design the“non-conformity list”for service trade,and implement the Internet content censorship rules in a relatively restrained manner.