三甲医院护理人员压力影响因素分析及对策建议

Analysis of influencing factors and countermeasures of nursing staff stress in a grade-A tertiary hospital

目的了解三甲医院护理人员的压力现状,分析压力源并探讨护理人员压力的影响因素。方法选取解放军总医院护理人员100名进行调查,应用自制的压力源调查问卷对100名护理人员进行问卷调查,对问卷结果进行统计学分析。以年龄、工龄、婚姻、家庭状况、学历、职称为自变量,以压力得分为因变量进行组间差异分析。结果护理人员的压力源主要来自工作,其次是生活压力。影响较大的前5位压力源分别是工作考核考评、检查多(2.49分),社会对本职业期望过高(2.03分),工作付出与待遇不成正比(2.01分),工作风险大、长期处于紧张状态(1.95分),无暇照顾家庭、深感内疚(1.92分)。未婚组得分高于已婚组[(35±12)分比(34±15)分],无子女组的压力得分高于有子女组[(34.86±12.26)分比(34.74±14.38)分],差异均有统计学意义(t=5.230,P=0.024;t=3.976,P=0.049)。而年龄、工龄、学历、职称等对压力的影响差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论医院护理人员的压力主要来自工作压力,应开展相关心理学知识培训和调适措施,建设社会家庭支持系统和营造良好的工作氛围,维护他们的身心健康。

Objective To understand the stress of nurses in a top three hospital,analyze the stress sources and explore the influencing factors of the stress of nurses.Methods A total of 100 nurses staff in PLA General Hospital were investigated with self-designed stress sources questionnaire,and the results were statistically analyzed.Age,length of service,marital status,family status,educational background and professional title were taken as independent variables,and stress score was taken as dependent variable to analyze the differences between groups.Results The stress sources of nursing staff mainly came from work,followed by life pressure.The top five stress sources with a greater impact were work assessment and inspection(2.49 points),excessive expectations of the society for this career(2.03 points),disproportionate work effort and pay(2.01 points),high risk of work,long-term tension(1.95 points),no time to take care of family,and deep guilt(1.92 points).The stress score of unmarried group was higher than that of married group[(35±12)points vs(34±15)points],and that of childless group was higher than that with children group[(34.86±12.26)points vs(34.74±14.38)points](t=5.230,P=0.024;t=3.976,P=0.049).There were no significant differences in age,length of service,educational background and professional title on stress(all P>0.05).Conclusion The stress of hospital nursing staff mainly comes from work pressure.It is necessary to carry out relevant psychological knowledge training and adjustment measures,build social and family support system and create a good working atmosphere to maintain their physical and mental health.