高层建筑户外景观空间感知机制量化研究

Quantitative Research on the Perception Mechanism of Outdoor Landscape Spaces in High-rise Buildings

高层建筑群的兴起为人类景观感知带来了新问题——高层景观,主要是指城市高空的聚居者由建筑或场所之内向外部周围观看引发的景观空间感知。高层景观为人类身心健康带来了新的机遇与挑战,对于聚居者“一览众山晓”的积极作用与远离绿化、缺乏户外活动场地的负面影响并存。然而,迄今关于这种高层景观的人类身心影响研究尚未开展。作为起步性研究,尝试从揭示基本规律着手,选取上海地区相对120m高度上的高层景观,研究面对城市空间、绿地和水景的景观时,个体生理和心理的反应影响:基于阶段性视觉刺激,借助脑电图、心率变异性和皮肤电导测量了20名被试者的压力水平,并使用改进的语义差异问卷评估了其心理反应。结果显示,面对绿色空间和水景的高层景观,会引起α相对波活动增加,使副交感神经活动显著增加,相比面对城市建筑的高层景观,被试者的放松程度更高。此外,相比于面对城市建筑景观,被试者在高层观看绿色景观和水景图像时表现出了更大的舒适感和放松感。这些发现初步揭示了居聚于城市高层建筑中的人类个体关于高层景观感受的基本规律,凸显了为高层聚居个体提供自然景观视觉刺激的重要性。

The rise of high-rise architectural clusters has presented an unprecedented new realm in modern urban landscapes-high-rise landscapes.As a novel form of human living environment,high-rise landscapes present both new opportunities and challenges for human health,with the positive aspect of an elevated perspective allowing individuals to"overlook the mountains and rivers at dawn".On the other hand,it coexists with negative limitations,such as reduced green spaces and lack of outdoor activity areas.However,despite its prominence in modern cities,people's scientific understanding of the impact of high-rise landscapes on human health remains limited.Facing this new subject of high-rise landscapes,as a starting point,the study selected high-rise landscapes at heights above 120 meters in Shanghai to investigate the effects of urban spaces,green areas,and water features on individual physiological and psychological responses.The research employed staged visual stimuli and measured stress levels in 20 participants using electroencephalography(EEG),heart rate variability,and skin conductance.Additionally,an improved semantic differential questionnaire was used to assess their psychological responses.The results revealed that exposure to highrise landscape green spaces and water features led to an increase in alpha wave activity and significantly enhanced parasympathetic nervous system activity,resulting in a higher level of relaxation compared to facing urban architectural landscapes.Furthermore,compared to facing urban architectural landscapes,participants reported a greater sense of comfort and relaxation when viewing images of high-rise green landscapes and water features.These findings highlight the fundamental patterns of high-rise landscape experiences faced by individuals residing or gathering within highrise buildings and underscore the importance of integrating natural landscape visual stimuli into their surrounding environment.