国外国家公园动态分区及其管控策略的模式研究

Model Research on Dynamic Zoning of Foreign National Parks and Management and Control Strategies

分区规划是国家公园进行差别化空间管制、实现多重目标的重要手段。中国的二区制分区法简明高效,但为应对管理实践中的国土空间情况差异及国家公园特定管理需求,一些现行规范及规划中出现了动态分区管控措施。国外国家公园在不同生态状况、社会环境及管理需求下积累了一定的动态分区管控经验,对国外国家公园动态分区及其管控策略开展比较分析,将其分为特别分区类、分区转换类和渐进增补类3种模式类型。以日本、加拿大、哥伦比亚和德国国家公园为例,总结动态分区管控在思想基础、区划策略、政策支撑及管理保障等方面的特征,从而对我国国家公园分区规划中动态分区管控策略的运用提出完善法规引导、加强基础研究、综合模式利用、细化管理措施等建议。

Zoning planning is an important way for national parks to carry out differentiated space control and achieve multiple goals.China's two-zone zoning method is efficient.But in order to cope with the differences in land and space conditions faced in management practice and the specific management needs of national parks,dynamic zoning control measures have emerged in some current regulations and plans.Foreign national parks have accumulated experience in dynamic zoning management under various ecological conditions,social environment and management needs.The study carried out a comparative analysis of the dynamic zoning and management strategies of foreign national parks,and divided them into three modes including special zoning,zoning conversion and progressive addition.Taking the national parks of Japan,Canada,Colombia and Germany as examples,this paper summarizes the characteristics of dynamic zoning control in terms of ideological foundation,zoning strategy,policy support and management guarantee and puts forward suggestions such as improving legal guidance,strengthening basic research,comprehensive model utilization,and detailed management measures for the application of dynamic zoning management and control strategies in China.