工业机器人应用与劳动关系:基于司法诉讼的实证研究

Industrial Robot Application and Labor Relations:An Empirical Study Based on Judicial Litigation

伴随工业机器人的加速渗透和广泛应用,劳动关系变革背后的技术性因素日益引发关注。本文通过手工整理2013~2019年A股上市公司劳动争议司法诉讼案件数据,从劳动关系的视角考察了工业机器人应用对劳动力市场的深远影响。研究发现,工业机器人应用虽然在整体上导致劳动关系发生一定程度的恶化,但这种影响因技术进步偏向呈现出明显的异质性。在不同的企业和劳动者群体中,劳动关系受到的负面影响有所减弱、消失甚至出现反转。进一步分析表明,相比于工业机器人应用给劳动者带来的失业风险,企业下调工资水平和减少隐性福利是导致劳动关系恶化的主要渠道。本文的发现有助于深化对工业机器人应用经济后果的理解,也为精准评估人机适配状况,进而统筹推进产业智能化与高质量充分就业提供了政策启示。

With the accelerated adoption and widespread application of industrial robots,the technological factors behind the changes in labor relations have increasingly raised concerns.This paper examines the far-reaching impact of industrial robot applications on the labor market from the perspective of labor relations,by manually sorting out the judicial litigation cases with labor disputes in the A-share listed companies from 2013-2019.It is found that although the industrial robot applications lead to a certain degree of deterioration in labor rela⁃tions on the whole,this impact shows significant heterogeneity due to technological progress preferences.The negative impact on labor rela⁃tions diminishes,disappears,or even reverses across different groups of firms and workers.Further analysis shows that the reduction of wage levels and implicit benefits are the main channels leading to the deterioration of labor relations compared to the risks caused by the unemploy⁃ment.The results deepen the understanding of the economic consequences of industrial robot applications can evaluate the man-machine adap⁃tation status and can provide useful policy insights for the integrated promotion of intelligent industrial development and high-quality full em⁃ployment.