农机购置补贴何以影响粮食综合生产能力?——基于农机社会化服务的视角

How Does the Subsidy to the Purchase of Agricultural Machinery and Tools Affect the Overall Grain Production Capacity?Based on the Perspective of Socialization Services of Agricultural Machinery

粮食综合生产能力的提升,作为建设农业强国与促进中国式农业现代化的重要内容,离不开农业补贴的支持。本文基于农机社会化服务的视角分析了农机购置补贴如何影响粮食综合生产能力,并利用全国农村固定观察点2007~2018年农户数据进行了实证检验。结果显示,农机购置补贴对粮食的土地生产率、劳动生产率和全要素生产率增长率均有显著的提升作用。机制分析发现,补贴通过促进农机社会化服务市场发育,增大了农户获得农机社会化服务的概率和服务规模,进而影响了粮食综合生产能力。异质性检验表明,补贴的社会化服务功能更有助于提高小农户、非主产区、稻谷和玉米的粮食综合生产能力,这意味着该能力的增长潜力更多倾向在上述农户、地区和作物上。因此,应注重发挥农业补贴的社会化服务功能,给予小农户和粮食非主产区政策倾斜,提高稻谷和玉米的农机社会化服务支持力度,从而实现“藏粮于地、藏粮于技”。

The enhancement of the overall grain production capacity,as an important part of making China an agricultural powerhouse and promoting Chinese-style agricultural modernization,cannot be separated from the support of agricultural subsidies.Based on the perspec⁃tive of socialization services of agricultural machinery,this paper analyzes how the subsidy to the purchase of agricultural machinery and tools affects the overall grain production capacity,and conducts an empirical test using the data of National Rural Fixed Observation Sites from 2007 to 2018.The results show that the subsidy has a significant contribution to the land productivity,labor productivity and growth rate of to⁃tal factor productivity(TFP)of grain.The mechanism analysis verifies that the subsidy can increase the probability of farmers'access to social⁃ization services and the scale of services through promoting the development of socialization services market,and thus affects the overall grain production capacity.The heterogeneity test shows that the socialization services function of the subsidy is more helpful in improving the over⁃all grain production capacity of smallholder farmers,non-main grain producing areas,rice and maize,which means that the growth potential of that capacity tends to be more on the above-mentioned smallholder farmers,areas and crops.Therefore,the socialization services function of agricultural subsidies should be emphasized,and policies should be tilted in favor of smallholder farmers and non-main grain producing areas to increase support for the socialization services of rice and maize,so as to achieve the goals of storing grain in land and storing grain in tech⁃nology that means a strategy of sustainable farmland use and innovative application of agricultural technology to increase farmland productivity.