自然理性内化与心智因果起源的哲学探究

A Philosophical Inquiry into the Internalization of Natural Reason and the Origin of Intentional Explanations

行动不仅是简单的行为,没有信念、欲望和意志(信欲志)作为理由,行动不成其为行动,这是当代行动哲学的中心思想。那么,以信欲志为原因来解释行动的根源何在?心智因果状态与脑神经的动力因果状态作为行动的原因,它们之间的根本区别是什么?心智哲学的研究文献对此类问题众说纷纭。以最小自由能原理为核心的能动推理理论,为动物和人类的心智因果解释提供了新资源。行动的物理解释仅为动力因果解释,戴维森和塞尔强调的基于意向性的心智因果解释恰恰是自然目的因果在动物和人类身上“内在化”的结果。这种内在化遵循自组织系统的最小自由能原理,并经由长期复杂的演化博弈过程演变而来。最小自由能原理为心智意向性解释提供了科学基础的自然规律。通过自然博弈与选择而涌现的能动推理功能,遵循的是一种二阶自然规律(最小自由能原理),它为化解如反常一元论这样的身心问题提供了自然机制。

Action is not mere behavior.Without beliefs and desires as its reason,it wouldn't be action at all.This is the central tenet of the contemporary philosophy of action.And yet,what is the nature of intentional explanations via beliefs,desires and will?Where do they come from?What is the fundamental difference between intentional states and neuro-or physical states?The literature of philosophy brims with competing views and answers.The neuro-or physical explanations of action are explanations by proximate or efficient causes.What Davidson and Searle emphasize as being intentional explanations are in fact internalized teleological explanations in animals and humans.Such internalized teleological explanations,which follow the least free energy principle for self-organized systems,emerged through the long and tenuous process of evolutionary game competition and natural selection.The author argues in the paper that the active inference mechanism that has evolved through evolutionary games in fact obeys a second-order law of nature(i.e.,the minimum free energy principle),and this provides a natural mechanism for solving body-mind problems like anomalous monism.