涉外平行诉讼的管辖权冲突问题研究

A study on the conflict of jurisdiction of foreign-related parallel litigation

涉外平行诉讼的发生有损司法效益、造成司法资源浪费、导致各国法院可能就同一事由作出矛盾裁判、削弱了判决的效力和域外可执行性。从涉外平行诉讼管辖权冲突的成因入手,分析我国现行相关法律制度,包括不方便管辖原则,以及作为例外的专属管辖和协议管辖及其不足之处,结合司法实践,针对性地提出规制路径:改变对涉外平行诉讼的放任态度,主动审查是否存在平行诉讼;变不方便法院原则为更适合原则,并扩大更适合法院原则适用范围;扩大专属管辖范围,通过双边司法协议进一步予以明确;原则上适用司法礼让,但考虑适用公共秩序保留;尊重当事人意思自治,一定程度上放宽涉外协议管辖的限制;进一步积极参与促成HCCH关于海牙管辖权项目公约;探索建立“禁诉令”制度。

The occurrence of foreign-related parallel litigation harms the judicial efficiency,causes the waste of judicial resources,causes the courts of various countries to make contradictory judgments on the same matter,weakens the effectiveness of the judgment and the extraterritorial enforceability.Starting from the causes of foreign-related parallel litigation,this paper analyzes the current relevant legal systems in China,including the principle of inconvenient jurisdiction,exclusive jurisdiction and agreement jurisdiction as exceptions and their shortcomings.At the same time,combining with judicial practice,this paper puts forward the following regulatory approaches:change the laissez-faire attitude towards foreign parallel litigation,and actively examine whether parallel litigation exists;change the inconvenient court principle to the more suitable principle,and expand the scope of application of the more suitable court principle;the scope of exclusive jurisdiction is expanded and further defined through bilateral judicial agreements;in principle,judicial comity shall be applied,but public order reservations shall be considered;respect the autonomy of the parties’will and relax the restrictions on the jurisdiction of foreign-related agreements to a certain extent;further participate actively in contributing to the HCCH Convention on the Hague Jurisdiction Project;explore the establishment of a system of“injunction against lawsuits”.