动产动态质押登记公示制度之构建

Publicity System Construction of Dynamic Pledge Registration of Movable Property

《担保制度解释》第五十五条将监管人受债权人委托并“实际控制”出质动产作为动态质押的成立要件,不符合《民法典》《担保制度解释》在担保物权领域所确立的功能主义基调,也导致监管人责任被无端扩大。动产动态质押随质押合同生效而成立,监管人“实际控制”仅仅是债权人保全质押动产之手段,不应作为动态质押的成立要件,也不具有公示动态质押之功能。债权人或(和)出质人可在动产和权利担保统一登记系统中概括描述质押动产,通过声明登记来公示设立于该动产上的动态质押。

Article 55 of the Interpretation of Guarantee System regards the supervisor’s entrustment by creditors and“actual control”of pledged movable property as the establishment requirement of dynamic pledge,which does not conform to the functionalist tone established by Civil Code and the Interpretation of Guarantee System in the field of real right for security,and also leads to the unwarranted expansion of supervisor’s liability.The dynamic pledge of movable property is established with the entry into force of the pledge contract.The“actual control”of the supervisor is only a means for creditors to preserve the pledged movable property,and should not be used as the establishment requirement of the dynamic pledge,nor has the function of publicizing the dynamic pledge.Creditors or(and)pledgors can generally describe pledged movable property in the unified registration system of movable property and security of rights,and publicize the dynamic pledge established on the movable property through declaration registration.