旋挖钻机施工过程分析及其控制策略研究

Construction process analysis and control strategy of rotary drilling rig

旋挖钻机具备施工速度快、成孔质量高、环境污染较小等特点。但由于施工工艺的多样性、地质条件的多变性和复杂的质量控制要求,旋挖钻机面临施工效率和燃油消耗等诸多挑战。为了提高旋挖钻机的施工效率,降低整机的燃油消耗,开展了旋挖钻机施工过程的试验研究。首先,根据旋挖钻机的工作特点,将其工作过程分为下钻钻进、钻杆上提、上车回转、卸渣过程、回转对孔等5个阶段;然后,分析了各工作阶段旋挖钻机和发动机性能参数的变化规律;最后,为了使旋挖钻机各阶段的发动机工作状态保持最优,提出了基于钻杆最大进尺速度的发动机转速控制策略,开发了控制程序,实现了在旋挖钻机工作过程中对发动机转速的精准控制目的,该研究已在生产厂家试验现场的实际钻机上进行了验证,并与安装在钻机上的车载监测系统的数据进行了对比。研究结果表明:采用新的控制策略可以使发动机工作在最佳的状态,整机工作效率提高了15%,整机油耗降低了5.74%;将该方法应用在旋挖钻机实际工作过程中时,具有操作难度低、稳定性强的特点,能够有效提高旋挖钻机作业过程的效率,降低整机的燃油消耗。

Rotary drilling rigs possess characteristics such as fast construction speed,high borehole quality,and minimal environmental pollution.However,these rigs face numerous challenges in terms of construction efficiency and fuel consumption due to the diverse construction processes,variable geological conditions,and complex quality control requirements.In order to improve the construction efficiency and reduce fuel consumption of rotary drilling rigs,experimental research on the construction process of rotary drilling rigs was conducted.Firstly,based on the operational characteristics of rotary drilling rigs,the working process was divided into five stages:drilling down,raising the drill pipe,rotating while on the carriage,discharging the excavated material,and rotating for hole alignment.Then,the variations in performance parameters of the rotary drilling rig and the engine during each stage were analyzed.Finally,in order to maintain the optimal operating condition of the engine at each stage of the rotary drilling rig,a control strategy based on the maximum feed rate of the drill pipe was proposed.A control program was developed to achieve precise control of the engine speed during the working process of the rotary drilling rig.The research was validated on-site at the production facility using an actual drilling rig,and the data were compared with that obtained from the onboard monitoring system installed on the drilling rig.The research results indicate that the adoption of the new control strategy enables the engine to operate in its optimal state,resulting in a 15%improvement in overall operational efficiency and a 5.74%reduction in overall fuel consumption.When this method is applied in the actual working process of rotary drilling rigs,it has the characteristics of low operating difficulty and strong stability,which can effectively improve the efficiency of rotary drilling rig operation process and reduce fuel consumption.