基于形态结构的新疆干旱地区真藓(Bryum argenteum)环境适应性研究

Morphological structure of Bryum argenteum associated with adaptation to the arid environment in Xinjiang

真藓为极端恶劣环境的开拓者和主要先锋植物,同时也是世界的广布种。通过对新疆不同干旱类型:半干旱区(居群A:P1—P6)、干旱区(居群B:P7—P9)、极端干旱区(居群C:P10—P17)的17个居群真藓的外部形态与解剖结构的对比研究,探索真藓植物外部形态和内部结构对不同干旱环境的适应性,以期为干旱区野生植物资源的合理利用与保护及生态植被恢复提供理论依据。结果显示:新疆不同居群真藓的株高、叶片的长和宽、毛尖长、植株横切面直径、叶细胞长和宽等指标存在显著性差异(P<0.05);随着干旱强度的增加,居群A<居群B<居群C的个体株高降低,叶片毛尖增长,叶面积减小,属于极端干旱地区种群C的叶面积变异系数最大;另外,通过研究形态解剖结构数据统计分析后发现,叶面积(0.3478)、株高(0.2957)、毛尖长度(0.2349)的变异系数依次降低,进一步说明真藓叶片对外界环境的变化反应最为敏感。据此推测真藓的个体外部结构和解剖结构具有很强的可塑性,且该特性是真藓适应各种环境的重要生存策略。

Bryum argenteum is a globally widespread species adapted to extreme arid environments.In this study,the external morphology and anatomical structure of 17 populations of B.argenteum from Xinjiang were examined.The external morphology and internal structure of this plant species in semi-arid,arid,and extreme arid environments have been compared to explore its adaptability.The results showed that there were notable differences(P<0.05)in plant height,leaf length and width,awn tip length,plant cross-sectional diameter and leaf cell length and width among the populations of B.argenteum.As the intensity of the aridity increased,the plant height decreased,the awning of the leaf elongated and the leaf area shrank.The coefficient of variation in the leaf area was larger in population C than in populations B and A.The coefficients of variation for leaf area(0.3478),height(0.2957),and the awn length(0.2349)were found to decrease,which further indicated that the leaf of B.argenteum were the most sensitive to changes in the external environment.Together,this suggests that the external morphology and anatomy of B.argenteum have strong plasticity,which may be an important survival strategy for the moss to adapt to the arid environment.Our results provide a theoretical basis for rational utilization and conservation of wild plant resources and ecological vegetation restoration in arid regions.