儿童公育的源流、变迁及特征

Relief and Education: the Source and Flow, Change and Characteristics ofChildren s Public Education

公育作为一种传统的儿童教养方式,在中国有着漫长的发展历程。从先秦到明清,中国传统儿童公育观念大致经历了萌芽、形成、发展等阶段。就发展历程而言,各个阶段的时间段、代表人物、代表性政策文件以及组织机构有所不同。在多重因素的推动下,传统儿童公育话语在20世纪20年代演化成一股现代儿童公育思潮。在这股思潮中出现了不同的声音,多围绕如何养护与教化儿童展开,大多数论者都肯定了儿童公育的价值。整体而言,儿童公育观念演变在形式上具有赓续性;儿童公育的功能由重养逐渐转向重教;儿童公育观念的构建主体趋向多元性;儿童公育对象在范围上趋向普惠性。

As a traditional educating way,Children s public Education has a long course of development in China.From the pre-Qin period to the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the traditional Chinese concept of children s public education has roughly experienced the stages of germination,formation and development.In terms of development history,the time periods,representatives,representative policy documents and organizational structures vary.Driven by multiple factors,the traditional discourse of children s public education evolved into a modern trend in the 1920s.In this trend of thought,there are different voices appearing,mostly around how to maintain and educate children,and most theorists have affirmed the value of it.On the whole,the evolution of the concept of child public education is ceaseless in the form;the function has gradually shifted from nursing to education;the construction of the subject tends to be diversified;The object tends to be universal in the scope.