矿物材料在燃料电池质子导体中的研究进展

Research Progress of Mineral Materials for Proton Conductors of Fuel Cells

质子交换膜燃料电池作为能源结构转型的重要载体,其性能、寿命以及成本受到电解质膜发展的制约。相比于传统的聚合物质子交换膜,利用矿物材料制备的无机质子导体成本低廉且性能优异。因此,无机质子导体是理想的电解质材料。然而,无机质子导体同时实现高质子传导性能和化学稳定性是一项极具挑战的任务。本综述详细讨论了质子在电解质中的传导过程、传导机制以及传导机制判定,明确了物质结构与质子传导之间的关系。详细论述了各种具有质子传导性能的无机电解质材料,以及针对各种质子导体本身缺陷而提出的改善措施。氧化物作为无机质子导体的主要类型,其快速发展对推动燃料电池的广泛商业化起着关键作用。因此,本综述最后对氧化物型无机质子导体的发展进行了三个方面的展望:(1)界面工程,研究和优化氧化物界面结构和性质,以提高质子传输速率;(2)多功能复合材料,将氧化物与其他材料相结合,形成复合材料,以实现更好的质子传导性能和致密性;(3)新的低成本烧结技术的开发,通过引入人工智能、开发新型烧结介质等手段降低放电等离子烧结、微波烧结等非常规烧结技术的成本。

As an important carrier of energy structure transformation,proton exchange membrane fuel cell is restricted by the development of electrolyte membrane in terms of its performance,life and cost.Inorganic proton conductors prepared from mineral materials are considered as ideal electrolyte materials because of their low cost and excellent performance compared with traditional polymer proton exchange membranes.However,the simultaneous realization of high proton conductivity and chemical stability in inorganic proton conductors is a challenging task.In this review,the proton conduction process in electro-lytes,the conduction mechanism,and the determination of the conduction mechanism are discussed in detail,and the relation-ship between the structure of matter and proton conduction is clarified.Various inorganic electrolyte materials with proton con-duction properties are discussed in detail,and improvement measures are proposed to overcome the inherent defects of various proton conductors.The rapid development of oxides as the main type of inorganic proton conductors plays a key role in promo-ting the widespread commercialization of fuel cells.Therefore,this review concludes with a three-pronged outlook on the devel-opment of oxide-based inorganic proton conductors:①Interfacial engineering,to study and optimize the structure and proper-ties of oxide interfaces to improve proton transport rates;②Multifunctional composites,to combine oxides with other materials to form composites for better proton conductivity and densification;③Development of new low-cost sintering technologies,to reduce the cost of non-conventional sintering technologies,such as discharge plasma sintering,microwave sintering,and other unconventional sintering technologies,by means such as the introduction of artificial intelligence and the development of new types of sintering media.