美国对华技术出口管制视阈下中国机器人领域关键技术能力评价研究

The Key Technology in Chinese Robotics Field Under the Threshold of U.S.Technology Export Control to China

以受美国技术封锁较为严重的机器人领域为例,建立基于专利数据的技术能力评价指标体系,针对美国商业管制清单中有关机器人的不同子领域和关键零部件管制项目,进行中美两国的关键技术能力评价并计算各技术能力差距值。美国对于中国机器人领域的管制主要集中在子领域机器人和核心零部件两个方面;子领域机器人中关键技术能力差距值最大的是微型无人机;关键技术能力值差距最小的是自动装配机器人;核心零部件中关键技术能力差距值最大的是减速器;关键技术能力差距值最小的是末端执行器,技术能力值甚至反超美国。结合以上分析,提出完善机器人产业政策、关注工业机器人智能化发展、加强特种机器人的环境耐受及识别应激性能、提升机器人核心零部件关键性能等建议。

This paper takes the field of “robotics”,which is subject to a more serious U.S.technology blockade,as an example,establishes a technology capability evaluation model based on patent data,evaluates the key technology capabilities of China and the U.S.and calculates the value of the gap between the two countries in terms of the key technology capabilities for the robotics subfields and key components in the U.S.commercial control list.The following conclusions are obtained:the U.S.control of China's robotics field mainly focuses on two aspects—sub-field robots and core components;the largest key technology capability gap in sub-field robots is micro drones;the smallest key technology capability gap is automated assembly robots;the largest key technology capability gap in core components is speed reducer;and the smallest key technology capability gap is end-effector and China's technical capability value even overtakes the United States.Combined with the above analysis,it puts forward reference suggestions such as improving policies for the robot industry,paying attention to the intelligent development of industrial robots,strengthening the environmental tolerance,recognizing the stress performance of special robots,and improving the key performance of robot core components.