数据赋能下的智慧国土空间规划实践——以广州为例

Data-Assisted Smart Territorial Spatial Planning Practice:A Case Study of Guangzhou

多源城市时空数据使得智慧国土空间规划实践成为可能。文章以“生态优先、以人为本”为基本原则,构建一个总体的智慧国土空间规划与数据应用框架,并以广州为案例,从可持续发展、高质量发展、高品质生活、高水平治理4个维度,探究多源城市时空数据如何赋能智慧国土空间规划编制、审批和实施监督。多源城市时空数据应用于构建美丽国土空间,可提高“双评价”、“三区三线”划定的精确性、科学性;应用于存量空间治理,为空间功能优化配置、空间载体分类施策和提质增效提供科学依据;应用于人本化城市建设,助力城市空间需求差异性的深入挖掘,促进城市服务品质整体提升;应用于国土空间动态规划管理,通过国土空间基础信息平台实现数据集成,为国土空间的监测、评估、预警提供了强有力的数据保障。智慧国土空间规划未来应建立规范化的数据渠道与应用标准、加强多源数据整合及“一张图”平台建设、充分吸收跨领域理论与技术,以推进国土空间治理体系和治理能力现代化。

In recent years,the state has promulgated a series of policies aimed at establishing a national territorial spatial planning system and advocating for the creation of an integrated"multi-regulation in one"system.The issuance of these policies marked the formal commencement of constructing the territorial spatial planning system.Territorial space is a type of environment,and the description of its functions essentially elucidates the relationship between humans and land.This relationship represents a complex interplay of static and dynamic interactions among elements such as stakeholders,the environment,and activities within a defined spatiotemporal framework of the system.In the new era,territorial spatial planning is required to perceive,analyze,evaluate,and decide upon various resource elements and the spatiotemporal information of diverse activities of people within a national territory.Multi-source urban spatiotemporal data empowers the intelligent processes of perception,analysis,evaluation,and decision-making regarding these resources and activities,propelling the evolution from traditional to smart territorial spatial planning.This study aimed to construct a comprehensive framework for smart territorial spatial planning and multi-source urban spatiotemporal data application to promote the modernization of the territorial governance system and its capabilities.This was done by adhering to the fundamental principles of"ecological priority"and"human-centricity."Taking Guangzhou as an example,this study investigated how multi-source urban spatiotemporal data empowers the drafting,approval,and supervisory execution of smart territorial spatial planning.Multi-source urban spatiotemporal data support territorial spatial planning in four dimensions:sustainable development,high-quality growth,high-quality living,and high-level governance.For sustainable development,spatiotemporal data obtained from land surveys,ground/subterranean observations,and spatial planning outcomes,bolster the assessment of land resource carrying capacity and suitability evaluation for territorial development.This approach fosters optimized layouts for ecological,agricultural,and urban spaces and propel the construction of beautiful territorial spaces.Regarding high-quality growth,spatiotemporal data provide a robust foundation for data support and decision-making in national territorial space governance.In urban villages,multi-source data aid in enhancing the quality of high-density mixed-use spaces.In wholesale markets,data analyses assist in the optimal allocation of spatial resources,promoting orderly governance.In village-level industrial parks,spatiotemporal data underpin classified policymaking,refining industrial layouts.In terms of high-quality living,multi-source urban spatiotemporal data support the construction of diverse human-centric cities by precisely quantifying the level of street greening and estimating the demand for various public services.Regarding high-level governance,multi-source data facilitate the monitoring,assessment,and early warning of territorial space resources as well as the scientific adjustment and decision-making of related management measures.This data-driven planning approach provides scientific decision-making support for high-level urban governance,marking a transition toward more intelligent and refined territorial spatial planning.However,practicing smart territorial spatial planning in Guangzhou not only validates the empowering role of multi-source urban spatiotemporal data but also exposes the challenges in its application.The acquisition of multi-source urban spatiotemporal data is difficult and costly,and the absence of unified application guidelines presents challenges in data acquisition and comparison of analytical results.Consequently,the future research on smart territorial spatial planning should focus on establishing standardized data channels and application norms,enhancing the multi-source data integration and the construction of a"one map"platform,and fully incorporating interdisciplinary theories and technologies.