鲁迅的命运自审与抗命运观照——自传视野下的《范爱农》

Lu Xun's Self-Examination of Fate and Reflection on Anti-Fate:an Autobiographical Perspective of Fan Ainong

自传主题表达的是与人格相关的个人历史,《范爱农》的悼亡主题下就隐藏着自传主题。从《哀范君三章》(1912)到《范爱农》(1926)的诗学转换暗示了鲁迅以自我表达为重心的写作动机,《范爱农》与《狗·猫·鼠》《尼采自传》的结构呼应则显示了鲁迅以自我命运与性格的自传性写作动机,厦门的写作语境则显示了以“坟”为核心意象的包含着死亡与新生的吊诡心理机制,而《范爱农》在“真实与诗”之间的互动显明了“性格即命运”的自传主题。围绕《范爱农》文本及其周边的考察,揭示了鲁迅将它作为《朝花夕拾》终篇的核心意图——思考性格、命运、抗命运等自传性问题。

Just as the autobiographical theme usually expresses personal history related to personality,Fan Ainong implies the autobiographical theme under the theme of mourning.The poetic transformation from The Three Chapters of Mourning Mr.Fan(1912)to Fan Ainong(1926)suggests Lu Xun's writing motivation centered on self-expression,while the structural correspondence between Fan Ainong and Dog·Cat·Rat as well as Nietzsche's Autobiography reveals Lu Xun's autobiographical writing motivation based on his own fate and personality.The writing context in Xiamen shows the mysterious psychological mechanism of death and rebirth,with"tomb"as the core image.The interaction between"truth and poetry"in Fan Ainong highlights the autobiographical theme of"character is fate".The investigation around the text of Fan Ainong and its surroundings reveals Lu Xun's core intention of using it as the final chapter of Dawn Blossoms Plucked at Duck,reflecting the autobiographical issues such as personality,fate,and anti-fate.