女性性别平等观念对其生育意愿和生育行为的影响

The Impact of Female Gender Equality Concept on Their Fertility Intention and Fertility Behavior

我国生育水平持续走低已成为不容忽视的社会问题。研究女性生育意愿和生育行为不仅关系微观层面家庭和个人生育的满足,而且对宏观层面国家的人口再生产与经济发展也有重要意义。在倡导性别平等的社会大背景下,女性性别平等观念对其生育意愿和生育行为的影响增强。本文基于2021年中国综合社会调查(CGSS)数据,运用基准回归模型分析女性社会性别平等观念和女性家庭性别平等观念对其生育意愿和生育行为的影响,并对不同女性群体间生育意愿和生育行为差异以及不同女性群体社会性别平等观念、家庭性别平等观念对其生育意愿和生育行为影响的异质性进行探讨。分析结果显示:在控制其他变量的条件下,女性社会性别平等观念、家庭性别平等观念在总体上对其生育意愿产生显著抑制作用,但不对其生育行为产生显著影响,在更换模型、缩小样本量和增加省份固定效应后统计结果依然稳健。通过假设检验得到不同女性群体间生育意愿、生育行为有较大差异,且社会性别平等观念、家庭性别平等观念对不同女性群体的生育意愿、生育行为的影响具有较强异质性。基于上述结论,建议从女性主体出发,通过国家、社会、家庭和个人的共同努力,减少女性性别平等观念对生育意愿和生育行为的负面影响,提高我国生育水平。

The continuous low birth level has become a social problem that cannot be ignored in our coun⁃try.The study of female fertility intention and fertility behavior is not only related to the satisfaction of family and individual fertility at the micro level,but also of great significance to the population reproduction and economic development of a country at the macro level.Under the social background of advocating gender equality,the effect of female gender equality concept on their fertility intention and fertility behavior is enhanced.Therefore,based on the 2021 China General Social Survey(CGSS)data,the benchmark regression model was used to analyze the effects of female gender equality concept in society and family on their fertility intention and fertility behavior.The differences of fertility intention and fertility behavior among different female groups and the heterogeneity of the influence of gender equality concept of different female groups on their fertility intention and fertility behavior were discussed.The analysis results showed that under the condition of controlling other variables,the concept of gender equality in women’s society and family had a significant inhibitory effect on their fertility intention in general,but had no significant effect on their fertility behavior.The statistical results were still robust after changing the model,reducing the sample size and adding the province fixed effect.Through the hypothesis test,it is found that there are great differences in fertility intention and fertility behavior among different female groups,and the influence of social gender equality concept and family gender equality concept on fertility intention and fertility be⁃havior of different female groups is relatively heterogeneous.Based on the above conclusions,it is suggested that starting from the female main body,the country,society,family and individuals should make efforts to reduce the negative impact of female gender equality concept on fertility intention and fertility behavior,in order to improve the fertility level of our country.