儿童呼吸道感染病原体流行病学分析

目的了解儿童呼吸道感染病原体流行病特征,为儿童呼吸道感染的预防与诊疗提供依据。方法收集2019年1月至2021年12月丽水市中心医院就诊的患儿标本2,076例,采用间接免疫荧光法检测甲型流感病毒(IVA)、乙型流感病毒(IVB)、肺炎支原体(MP)、呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、腺病毒(ADV)、副流感病毒(PIV)、肺炎衣原体(CP)、嗜肺军团菌(LP)、柯萨奇病毒B组(COX)9种呼吸道病原体IgM抗体,分析其流行病学。结果2,076例患儿中共检出778例阳性患儿(37.48%),MP检出率最高,共519例(25.00%),其余依次为IVB、IVA、RSV、ADV、PIV、COX、CP、LP。总体阳性患儿检出率男性高于女性(χ^(2)=18.23,P<0.01),但女性患儿MP的检出率高于男性(χ^(2)=21.14,P<0.01),MP在学龄前组儿童中检出率最高(χ^(2)=94.97,P<0.01)。结论丽水市中心医院儿童呼吸道感染病原体以MP为主,各病原体在不同性别、年龄、月份中的流行具有一定特点。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of pathogens of respiratory tract infection in children in Lishui area,and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of respiratory tract infection in children.Methods Children(2076 cases)were collected at Lishui Central Hospital from January 2019 to December 2021 by indirect immunofluorescence for influenza A virus(IVA),Influenza B(IVB),Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP),respiratory syncytial virus(RSV),adenovirus(ADV),parainfluenza virus(PIV),Chlamydia pneumoniae(CP),Chlamytin,Legionella pneumophila(LP),Coxackac virus group B(COX).Results A total of 778 positive cases(37.48%)were detected in 2076 cases,and MP was the highest in 519 cases(25.00%),and the rest were IVB,IVA,RSV,ADV,PIV,COX,CP,LP.The overall detection rate of positive children was higher in males than females(χ^(2)=18.23,P<0.01),but the detection rate of MP was higher than that of males(χ^(2)=21.14,P<0.01).MP was the highest in preschool children(χ^(2)=94.97,P<0.01).Conclusion The main pathogen of respiratory tract infection in Lishui area is MP,and the prevalence of all pathogens in different genders,ages and months had certain characteristics.