妊娠期高血压发病的影响因素及对妊娠结局的影响

Influencing factors of gestational hypertension and effects on pregnancy outcomes

目的:分析妊娠期高血压发病的影响因素及对妊娠结局的影响。方法:回顾性分析2020年3月至2021年4月于该院分娩的140例孕妇的临床资料,按照是否发生妊娠期高血压将其分为发生组(n=88)和未发生组(n=52)。收集孕妇的一般资料,采用Logistic回归分析妊娠期高血压发病的影响因素,并比较两组妊娠结局。结果:发生组产次、孕周、流产史、居住地、不良生活方式、合并其他孕期并发症、双胎或多胎占比与未发生组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);发生组年龄>35岁、孕前BMI≥28 kg/m^(2)、合并焦虑、有流产史、有高血压家族史占比均高于未发生组,文化程度大专及以上、孕期补钙占比低于未发生组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);经Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄>35岁、孕前BMI≥28 kg/m^(2)、合并焦虑情绪、有高血压家族史均为影响妊娠期高血压发病的危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05),文化程度大专及以上、孕期补钙均为影响妊娠期高血压发病的保护因素(OR<1,P<0.05)。发生组低体质量儿、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息发生率均高于未发生组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:年龄>35岁、孕前BMI≥28 kg/m^(2)、合并焦虑情绪、有高血压家族史均为影响妊娠期高血压发病的危险因素,文化程度大专及以上、孕期补钙均为影响妊娠期高血压发病的保护因素。

Objective:To analyze the influencing factors of gestational hypertension and effects on pregnancy outcomes.Methods:The clinical data of 140 pregnant women who gave birth in this hospital from March 2020 to April 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.They were divided into the occurrence group(n=88)and the non-occurrence group(n=52)according to whether gestational hypertension occurred or not.The general information of these pregnant women was collected.Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of gestational hypertension.Then,the pregnancy outcomes of the two groups were compared.Results:There were no significant differences in parity,gestational age,abortion history,place of residence,bad lifestyle,combined with other pregnancy complications,proportion of twins or multiple births between the occurrence group and the non-occurrence group(P>0.05).The proportions of the women with age>35 years old,pre-pregnancy BMI≥28 kg/m^(2),combined anxiety,history of abortion and family history of hypertension in the occurrence group was higher than that in the non-occurrence group;the proportions of the women with college education and above and calcium supplementation during pregnancy were lower than those in the non-occurrence group;and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The Logistic regression analysis showed that age>35 years old,pre pregnancy BMI≥28 kg/m^(2),combined anxiety,and family history of hypertension were all risk factors for the occurrence of gestational hypertension(OR>1,P<0.05),while education level or above and calcium supplementation during pregnancy were protective factors(OR<1,P<0.05).The incidence of low birth weight infants,fetal distress and neonatal asphyxia in the occurrence group was higher than that in the non-occurrence group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions:Age>35 years old,pre pregnancy BMI≥28 kg/m^(2),combined anxiety,and family history of hypertension are the risk factors for the occurrence of gestational hypertension,while education level or above and calcium supplementation during pregnancy are the protective factors.