中国传统地理学视角下的华山风景名胜区国土空间定位解读

Interpretation of the Spatial Positioning of Mount Hua Scenic Area from the Perspective of Traditional Chinese Geography

【目的】通过对华山风景名胜区国土空间定位的解读,有助于全面认识风景名胜区风景系统形成的基础内涵。【方法】以传统名山体系“五岳”之西岳的华山风景名胜区为例,利用解释性历史研究方法,梳理相关历史古籍资料,分析空间对位和空间控制的关系,探讨其国土尺度下的空间秩序与选址表征的理想格局以及功能与等级背后的差序结构,再研究两个层面的文化构图的内在联系。【结果】最终解读古代华山具有“中干龙脉,京畿重地”的国土空间定位:“中干龙脉”体现在华山作为“吉壤”之所、“四岳五山”的核心以及华阴处于“阴阳八卦九宫”的风水宝地模式的“艮位”;“京畿重地”则反映为华山在地利、地政、地缘三个方面表现出的地理位置重要性。【结论】一方面为研究华山风景名胜区在国土尺度的整体布局确定了历史本底和空间原型;另一方面为解读华山风景名胜区国土空间定位的内在逻辑和文化联系提供理论基础,推动风景名胜区空间逻辑理法的传承和景观文化遗产的保护、风景名胜区与自然保护地体系的整合优化以及“五岳联合体”世界文化遗产的申报。

【Objectives】By interpreting the spatial positioning of the Mount Hua Scenic Area,it is helpful to comprehensively understand the fundamental connotation of the formation of the scenic system in the scenic area.【Methods】Taking the Mount Hua Scenic Area,the western mountain of the traditional famous mountain system“Five Mountains”,as an example,using grounded theory and interpretive historical research methods,this paper sorts out relevant historical materials,analyzes the relationship between spatial alignment and spatial control,explores the ideal pattern of spatial order and site selection at the national scale,as well as the differential structure behind the function and level,and further studies the internal connection between the two levels of cultural composition.【Results】And finally interprets the spatial positioning of ancient Mount Hua as a“central trunk dragon vein,capital and capital region”.The“Zhonggan Dragon Vein”is reflected in the“Gen position”of Mount Hua as the“auspicious land”,the core of the“Four Mountains and Five Mountains”,and the feng shui treasure land model where Huayin is located in the“Yin Yang Eight Trigrams and Nine Palaces”;The importance of Mount Hua’s geographical location in terms of geographical advantage,land administration,and geopolitics is reflected in the“capital region”.【Conclusions】On the one hand,this article establishes the historical background and spatial prototype for studying the overall layout of Mount Hua Scenic Area on the national scale,and on the other hand,it provides a theoretical basis for interpreting the internal logic and cultural connection of the spatial positioning of Mount Hua Scenic Area.It actively promotes the inheritance of spatial logic principles in scenic areas,the protection of landscape cultural heritage,and the integration and optimization of the system of scenic areas and natural reserves Declaration of the World Cultural Heritage of the“Five Mountains Alliance”.