土壤盐渍化对滨海湿地生态环境质量的影响--以黄河三角洲为例

Impact of soil salinization on the eco-environment quality of coastal wetlands:A case study of Yellow River Delta

土壤盐渍化是土地退化和沙漠化的重要原因之一,会对生态环境造成巨大的影响。滨海湿地属于典型的生态环境脆弱地区且盐渍化特征突出,迫切需要研究土壤盐渍化对湿地生态环境的影响。该文提出基于基线的盐渍化指数(baseline-based soil salinity index,BSSI),有效抑制了复杂地物对地表盐渍化监测带来的影响,盐渍化土壤提取精度高于其他盐分指数模型10%;随后通过改进顾及水效益的生态环境质量指数(water benefit-based ecological index,WBEI)提出优化的顾及水效益的生态环境质量指数(optimized water benefit-based ecological index,OWBEI),使生态环境质量评估精度有效提高至87%;最后,以黄河三角洲为例获取其土壤盐渍化分布和生态环境质量分布,探讨土壤盐渍化对生态环境质量的影响机制。结果表明,随着盐渍化程度的不断加深,滨海湿地的土壤脆弱性不断增加,间接导致生态环境质量持续变差。尽管生态环境保护措施不断提出,但针对盐渍化土壤的保护措施较少,导致生态质量状况恶化并负反馈于土壤,最终形成恶性循环,不利于当地生产生活和社会发展。

Soil salinization is an important reason for land degradation and desertification and has a huge impact on the eco-environment.Coastal wetlands are typical areas subjected to a weak eco-environment and severe salinization,and there is an urgent need to investigate the impact of soil salinization on their eco-environment.This study proposed the baseline-based soil salinity index(BSSI),which can effectively suppress the influence of complex features on surface salinization monitoring and improve the accuracy of saline soil extraction by 10%compared to other salinity index models.Furthermore,this study proposed the optimized water benefit-based ecological index(OWBEI)by optimizing the water benefit-based ecological index(WBEI),which can effectively increase the accuracy of eco-environment quality assessment to 87%.Finally,this study explored the mechanical processes of the influence of soil salinization on the eco-environment quality based on the distribution of soil salinization and eco-environment quality obtained from the Yellow River Delta.The results show that the deterioration of soil salinization has led to an increase in the soil vulnerability of coastal wetlands,indirectly resulting in a continuous decrease in eco-environment quality.Although eco-environment protection measures have been continuously proposed,few of them are tailored to the solving of salinization.This leads to the deterioration of the ecological quality,which then yields negative feedback to the soil and eventually forms a vicious circle.This adversely affects local production,life,and social development.