工作灵活性真能缓解女性的生育惩罚吗?——对现实“妈妈岗”的思考

Can Flexible Job Reduce Women's Childbearing Cost?A Reflective Analysis of the Mother Posts

本文通过文献梳理与对现实“妈妈岗”的观察,以促进女性工作的视角为切入点,研究工作灵活性能否缓解女性的“工作—家庭冲突”,从而降低女性生育惩罚并鼓励生育。实证结果表明,工作灵活性能够缓解子女数量导致的女性生育惩罚增加。工作灵活性每增加1个单位,多生1个子女使得女性年收入水平下降的幅度由8.6%变为8.0%,即从收入惩罚上看,女性生育惩罚下降了7.0%。从异质性上看,工作灵活性对办事人员及商业服务业人员、非国有部门以及无父辈照料的女性缓解效果更显著。和其他生育友好型措施相比较,工作灵活性不及父辈照料措施效果好,与社会幼托服务的实施效果相当。

This paper evaluates the effects of flexible job for the mothers on the alleviation of women's work-family conflict and the reduction of women's childbearing costs in order to encourage childbearing behaviors by alleviating the punishment of motherhood based on the literature reviews and the observations of mother’s posts in reality.The results show that job flexibility can alleviate the punishment of motherhood caused by the number increase of children born and the increase of every unit of job flexibility can alleviate the decrease of women’s annual income because of every one more child born from 8.6%to 8.0%.That is,from the perspective of income penalty,women's fertility penalty decreases by 7.0%.Meanwhile the heterogeneity analysis shows that job flexibility is more effective on the decrease of punishment of motherhood for the females working as clerks,workers of service industries,and the workers in non-state-owned enterprises as well as those without children care supports from their parents.Compared with other fertility support measures,job flexibility is less effective than parental childcare supports while it is as effective as social child care supports.