基于16S rDNA测序分析生态养殖对猪粪细菌群落的影响

Effects of Ecological Farming on Fecal Microbiota Composition in Pigs Based on 16S rDNA Sequencing Analysis

【目的】现代生态猪场养殖技术与传统技术大不相同,通过对转换养殖模式的猪群粪便细菌组成进行分析,并关注物种多样性和群落结构的变化特点,从而探究现代生态猪场养殖技术对猪肠道菌群结构的影响。【方法】从传统猪场选取8头体重相近的育肥猪转移至生态猪场蓄养,每隔10 d取其粪便样本,直至达出栏月龄。对每个时期的粪便混合样本进行16S rDNA高通量测序,通过生物信息软件分析测序数据,以微生物16S rDNA基因序列分类单元(operational taxonomic units,OTUs)对其进行分类学物种注释,从而分析其物种多样性、群落结构的情况与变化规律。【结果】从传统猪场转移至生态猪场后猪粪细菌群落结构产生变化,且在培育时段内其多样性和丰富度均有所提高,以变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)等为优势菌门;优势菌属为不可培养细菌、沉积物漠河杆菌(Moheibacter)等。在出栏前粪便中常见致病菌如伊丽莎白金菌(Elizabethkingia)、志贺氏埃希氏菌(Escherichia-Shigella)、棒状杆菌(Corynebacterium)等丰度均降至较低,但益于肠道消化的细菌如乳酸杆菌(Lactobacillus)、密螺旋体(Treponema)、梭菌(Clostridium)等丰度均有所提升。【结论】该猪群在现代生态猪场养殖技术培育下菌群结构发生较大改变,并形成与其他普通猪场不同的优势菌群。

【Objective】Modern ecological pig farming techniques differ from traditional techniques.This study was aimed to analyze the bacterial composition of feces from pigs that underwent a transition to an ecological pig farming model,focus on changes in species diversity and community structure,in order to investigate the effects of modern ecological pig farming techniques on the gut microbiota of pigs.【Method】Eight fattening pigs with similar body weights were selected from a traditional pig farm and transferred to an ecological pig farm for breeding.Fecal samples were collected every 10 days until the pigs reached the age of slaughter.16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing was performed on mixed fecal samples from each time period,and the sequencing data was analyzed using bioinformatics software.The microbiota was annotated based on operational taxonomic units(OTUs)of microbial 16S rDNA gene sequences in order to analyze the changes in species diversity and community structure.【Result】The bacterial community structure of pig feces changed after being transferred from a traditional pig farm to an ecological pig farm,with an increase in diversity and richness during the breeding period.Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,etc.were the dominant phyla,uncultured bacteria,Moheibacter,etc.were dominant genera.The abundance of common pathogenic bacteria such as Elizabethkingia,Escherichia-Shigella,and Corynebacterium decreased to lower levels in feces before slaughter,but bacteria that helped with intestinal digestion,such as Lactobacillus,Treponema and Clostridium,increased in abundance.【Conclusion】The bacterial community structure of the pig population changed significantly under modern ecological pig farming techniques,forming a unique dominant bacterial community that differs from that of common pig farms.