饲用小黑麦青贮替代燕麦干草对奶牛生产性能及经济效益的影响

Effects of Triticale Silage Replacing Oat Hay on Production Performance and Economic Efficiency of Dairy Cows

【目的】优化与建立饲用小黑麦在奶牛饲粮中的利用技术,探究小黑麦青贮替代饲粮中的燕麦干草对奶牛生产性能和经济效益的影响。【方法】选取乳熟期收获的饲用小黑麦(冀饲3号)制作干草和青贮,利用湿化学法检测小黑麦干草、小黑麦青贮和燕麦干草的常规营养成分,分析比较其营养品质特点。选取泌乳中期中国荷斯坦奶牛45头,随机分为3组,每组15头,对照组奶牛饲喂全混合饲粮(TMR),试验1、2组奶牛分别使用等干物质含量的饲用小黑麦青贮替代TMR中的50%和100%燕麦干草。试验期共63 d,其中预试期7 d,正试期56 d。试验期间,每天记录奶牛产奶量,每周采集牛奶样品,测定乳品质指标,并根据饲料成本和产奶量计算奶牛经济效益。【结果】①饲用小黑麦青贮的奶牛粗脂肪、粗灰分、酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维含量均显著低于小黑麦干草与燕麦干草(P<0.05),青贮发酵指标均符合优质青贮标准;②试验2组奶牛干物质采食量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验1、2组奶牛4%乳脂校正乳显著高于对照组(P<0.05),各组间奶牛产奶量和饲料效率均无显著差异(P>0.05);③试验1、2组奶牛乳脂量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验1组奶牛乳脂率和乳蛋白量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);④试验2组饲料成本高于对照组和试验1组,试验1组奶牛乳收入高于对照组和试验2组,与对照组相比,试验1、2组奶牛净增收益分别提高了2.90和1.93元/(头·d)。【结论】使用饲用小黑麦青贮替代燕麦干草能够提高奶牛生产性能、乳品质及经济效益。因此,小黑麦青贮可作为奶牛饲粮中替代燕麦干草的优质粗饲料,替代比例为50%时效果最佳。

【Objective】This experiment was conducted to optimize and establish the technology of utilizing forage triticale in dairy cows diets,and investigate the effect of replacing oat hay in diet with triticale silage on the production performance and economic efficiency of dairy cows.【Method】Triticale(JS 3th)harvested at lactation stage was selected for making hay and silage,and then the conventional nutrient composition of triticale hay,triticale silage and oat hay were detected by chemical method,and their nutritional quality characteristics were analyzed and compared.45 Chinese Holstein lactating dairy cows were randomly divided into 3 groups,with 15 cows in each group.The dairy cows in control group were fed the total mixed rations(TMR),and the dairy cows in groups 1 and 2 were fed with the same dry matter content of triticale silage to replace 50%and 100%oat hay in TMR,respectively.The trial period was 63 days,with a pre-test period of 7 days and a main test period of 56 days.During this period,the milk yield was recorded daily,and milk samples were collected each week to determine milk quality.The economic benefits of dairy cows were calculated based on feed costs and milk production.【Result】①The contents of crude fat(EE),crude ash(Ash),acidic detergent fiber(ADF)and neutral detergent fiber(NDF)of triticale silage in dairy cows were significantly lower than those of triticale hay and oat hay(P<0.05),and the silage fermentation indexes all met the quality silage standard.②The dry matter intake(DMI)of dairy cows in group 2 was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05),the 4%fat correction milk(FCM)of dairy cows in groups 1 and 2 were significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05),and there were no significant difference of milk yield and feed efficiency in dairy cows among three groups(P>0.05).③The milk fat of dairy cows in groups 1 and 2 were significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05),and the milk fat and milk protein of dairy cows in group 1 were significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05).④The feed costs in group 2 was higher than that in control group and group 1,and the milk income in group 1 was higher than that in control group and group 2.Compared with control group,the net incremental gain of dairy cows in groups 1 and 2 were higher by 2.90 and 1.93 RMB/(head·d),respectively.【Conclusion】Triticale silage replacing oat hay could improve the production performance,milk quality and economic efficiency of dairy cows.Therefore,triticale silage could be used as a high-quality roughage to replace oat hay in diets,with the best results at 50%replacement of oat hay.